Drug Classes and MOA

Question 1

Thiazides (diuretic)

Answer 1

Inhibits Na and Cl transporters in the ascending and distal convoluted tubules; increasing Na and Cl excretion; reduces blood volume

Question 2

Loop diuretic

Answer 2

Inhibits Na-K-Cl co-transporter in the thick ascending loop of henle

Question 3

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 3

Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, decreasing peripheral vasoconstriction; also inhibits bradykinin degradation

Question 4

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Answer 4

Blocks the effects of angiotensin II resulting in significant decreases in peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 5

Benzothiazepines (CCB)

Answer 5

Blocks Ca influx with resultant improved myocardial tone and decreased cardiac output; targets cardiac cells

Question 6

Diphenyl alkamines (CCB)

Answer 6

Blocks Ca influx with resultant improved myocardial tone and decreased cardiac output; targets cardiac cells

Question 7

Dihydropyridine class (CCB)

Answer 7

Blocks Ca influx with resultant peripheral vasodilation and improved myocardial tone; targets peripheral smooth muscle cells

Question 8

Beta Blockers

Answer 8

All clinically available beta-blockers are competitive antagonists - antagonize effects of catecholamines (epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine) on the heart

Non-selective act on both B1 and B2 receptors

Question 9

Anti-arrhythmic - Class Ia

Answer 9

Moderate block of both open Na and K channels

Question 10

Anti-arrhythmic - Class Ib

Answer 10

Mild blocking or inactivating Na channels

Question 11

Anti-arrhythmic - Class Ic

Answer 11

Block open Na channels

Question 12

Anti-arrhythmic - Class II

Answer 12

Block catecholamines; block at the AV node

Question 13

Anti-arrhythmic - Class III

Answer 13

Blocking lKr; potassium channel blockade

Question 14

Anti-arrhythmic - Class IV

Answer 14

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs

Block L-type calcium channels, decrease AV node conduction and increase refractory period

Question 15

Nitrate

Answer 15

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and vasodilation

Question 16

Anti-platelet

Answer 16

NSAIDS - COX inhibition

Others - block P2Y of ADP receptors on platelet surface

Question 17

Anti-coagulants

Answer 17

Vitamin K Inhibitor
Factor Xa Inhibitors
Factor IIa Inhibitor

Question 18

Statins:
High-intensity (>50%)
Moderate-intensity (30-49%)
Low-intensity (<30%)

Answer 18

Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase; inhibits cholesterol production; liver increases cholesterol uptake from the blood stream by increasing LDL receptors; PCSK9 up regulation

Question 19

Bile Acid Sequestrants (BAS)

Answer 19

BAS are resins that bind bile acids in the intestine; reduces enterohepatic recycling; increases hepatic conversion of cholesterol to bile acid; upregulates LDL receptors on the liver
Prevents absorption of dietary biliary cholesterol; upregulates LDL receptors in the liver, lowering plasma LDL

Question 20

Fibrates

Answer 20

Lower production and increased clearance of VLDL; increases HDL production; lowers TG and inc. HDL but has a variable effect on LDL