ANS Rx

Question 1

Neuropharm classifications for Central Nervous System

• Brain
• Spinal Cord

Answer 1

Brain (anti-depressants, analgesics, anxiolytics, sedative/hypnotics, anticonvulsants, CNS stimulants, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics)

Spinal Cord (analgesics, muscle relaxants)

Question 2

Neuropharm classifications for Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

• Somatic (Voluntary)
• Autonomic (Involuntary)
  
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System: (Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics)
  • Sympathetic Nervous System (Sympathomimetics, Sympatholytics)

Question 3

Benchmark Parasympathetic Responses

Answer 3

1, Muscarinic stimulation in sphincter muscle of iris of the eye causes miosis (constriction)

2. Muscarinic stimulation in arterioles causes vasodilation.
3. Muscarinic stimulation in heart causes negative chronotropic and negative inotropic responses.
4. Muscarinic stimulation in bronchial smooth muscle causes bronchoconstriction.
5. Muscarinic stimulation in g.i. and urinary systems cause SLUD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea

Question 4

Benchmark Sympathetic Responses

Answer 4

1. Beta 1 stimulation of heart causes + inotropic and + chronotropic response.
2. Beta 2 stimulation of bronchus causes bronchodilation.
3. Beta 2 stimulation of myometrium causes relaxation of myometrium.
4. Beta 2 stimulation of pancreas causes insulin release.
5. Alpha 1 stimulation of arterioles causes vasoconstriction.
6. Alpha 1 stimulation of radial muscle of iris causes mydriasis.
7. Alpha 2 stimulation reduces norepinephrine release.

Question 5

The Pharmacology Learning Formula (PLF)

Answer 5

Step 1: Categorize the drug
Step 2: Learn the molecular mechanism of action
Step 3: Identify distinguishing characteristics.
Step 4: Predict the effects based upon steps 1-3 above.

Question 6

If you wanted to mimic the parasympathic nervous system what could you do?

Answer 6

Stimulate muscarinic receptors.
Prevent the breakdown of Acetylcholine.

Also:
Promote the release of Acetylcholine.
Increase formation of Acetylcholine.

Question 7

If you were going to inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system what would you do?

Answer 7

Only therapeutic Use: Antagonize muscarinic receptors.

Others (not therapeutic)
[Prevent the release of Acetylcholine.]
[Prevent the formation of Acetylcholine.]
[Deplete Acetylcholine stores.]

Question 8

What kinds of things could we do to mimic the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 8

Stimulate adrenergic receptors.
Promote release of norepinephrine.
Prevent elimination of norepinephrine.

[Increase the formation of norepinephrine.]

Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 above are therapeutically useful methods of mimicking the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 9

Sympatholytics

Answer 9

1. Adrenergic antagonists
   
   • Alpha antagonist (Prazocin)
   • Beta 1 & 2 antagonist (Propranolol)
   • Beta 1 antagonist (Metoprolol)
2. Adrenergic depletor
   
   • Reserpine

Question 10

If you wanted to inhibit the sympathetic nervous what kinds of things could you do?

Answer 10

Block the adrenergic receptors.
Minimal: Deplete the stores of norepinephrine.

[Prevent the release of norepinephrine.]
[ Prevent the synthesis of norepinephrine.]