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BNF > Drug classes > Flashcards

Drug classes Flashcards

1
Q

Abacavir

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
(Anti-HIV)

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2
Q

Abatacept

A

Antibody + Selective costimulation immunomodulator

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3
Q

Abemaciclib

A

Anticancer
(CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor)

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4
Q

Abiraterone acetate

A

Anticancer
Androgen/testosterone biosynthesis inhibitor

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5
Q

Abrocitinib

A

JAK1 inhibitor

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6
Q

Acalabrutinib

A

Anticancer
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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7
Q

Acamprosate calcium

A

Sulfonic acid used in alcohol dependence

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8
Q

Acebutolol

A

Beta-blocker

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9
Q

Acarbose

A

Antidiabetic
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

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10
Q

Aceclofenac

A

NSAID

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11
Q

Acenocoumarol

A

Anticoagulant
Vitamin K antagonist

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12
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Diuretic
Carbonic anyhydrase inhibitor

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13
Q

Acetylcholine chloride

A

Parasympatomimetic

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14
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytic

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15
Q

Aciclovir

A

Antiviral
(Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster (shingles) + Varicella zoster (chickenpox))

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16
Q

Acitretin

A

Retinoid

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17
Q

Aclidinium bromide

A

Bronchodilator
Anticholingeric /antimuscarinic

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18
Q

Acrivastine

A

Brand name: Benadryl
Antihistamine (H1 receptor antagonist)

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19
Q

Adalimumab

A

MaB
anti-TNF alpha

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20
Q

Adapalene

A

Topical retinoid

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21
Q

Adefovir dipivoxil

A

Antiviral (Hepatitis B)
Reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Adefovir (nucleotide analogue) prodrug

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22
Q

Adenosine

A

Organic: Nucleoside (RNA)
Pharmacological: Antiarrythmatic/antidysrhythmics

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23
Q

Adrenaline/epinephrine

A

Organic: hormone and neurotransmitter
Pharmacological: Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetic agent) + bronchodilator

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24
Q

Afatinib

A

Anticancer
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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25
Q

Aflibercept

A

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) antagonist
+
Placental Growth factor (PIGF) antagonist

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26
Q

Agomelatine

A

Melatonin receptor agonist + selective serotonin-receptor antagonist

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27
Q

Albendazole

A

Broad-spectrum anti-protozoal
(Benzimidazole)

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28
Q

Alclometasone dipropionate

A

Corticosteroid (moderate)

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29
Q

Aldesleukin

A

Anticancer
Recombinant IL2 analogue / cytokine

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30
Q

Alectinib

A

Anticancer
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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31
Q

Alemtuzumab

A

Anti-CD52 antibody

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32
Q

Alendronic acid

A

Bisphosphonate

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33
Q

Alfacalcidol

A

Vitamin D analogue

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34
Q

Alfentanil

A

Synthetic short-acting opioid analgesic

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35
Q

Alfuzosin hydrochloride

A

Alpha-blocker

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36
Q

Alginic acid

A

Antacid

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37
Q

Alimemazine tartrate

A

Tricyclic antihistamine / phenothiazine

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38
Q

Alirocumab

A

PCSK9 inhibiting MAb

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39
Q

Aliskiren

A

Antihypertensive
Renin inhibitor

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40
Q

Alitretinoin

A

Retinoid

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41
Q

Allopurinol

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

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42
Q

Almotriptan

A

Anti-migraine triptan
Selective serotonin receptor agonist

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43
Q

Alogliptin

A

Antidiabetic
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor

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44
Q

Alpha tocopherol

A

Vitamin E

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45
Q

Alprazolam

A

Brand name: Xanax
Benzodiazepine

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46
Q

Alprostadil

A

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue (potent vasodilator used for erectile dysfunction)

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47
Q

Alteplase

A

Thrombolytic agent
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)

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48
Q

Aluminium chloride hexahydrate

A

Topical antiperspirant

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49
Q

Alverine citrate

A

Anti-spasmodic (gut and womb)

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50
Q

Amantadine hydrochloride

A

Antidyskinetic medicine (used in Parkinson’s)
Weak dopamine agonist

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51
Q

Ambrisentan

A

Pulmonary anti-hypertensive
Selective type A endothelin receptor antagonist

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52
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

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53
Q

Amiloride hydrochloride

A

Diuretic (potassium-sparing)

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54
Q

Aminophylline

A

Bronchodilator

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55
Q

Aminosalicylic acid

A

Anti-tuberculosis bacteriostatic antibiotic

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56
Q

Amiodarone hydrochloride

A

Anti-arrythmatic

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57
Q

Amisulpride

A

Anti-emetic
Selective dopamine receptor antagonist

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58
Q

Amitriptyline hydrochloride

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

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59
Q

Amivantamab

A

Bi-specific monoclonal antibody for non-small cell lung cancer

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60
Q

Amlodipine

A

Antihypertensive
Calcium channel blocker

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61
Q

Amorolfine

A

Morpholine antifungal

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62
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Pernicillin (+ beta-lactam) antibiotic

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63
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Polyene antifungal

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64
Q

Ampicillin

A

Penicillin antibiotic

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65
Q

Anagrelide

A

Platelet-reducing agent

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66
Q

Anakinra

A

IL-1 inhibitor

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67
Q

Anastrozole

A

Anti-cancer (breast)
Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor

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68
Q

Andexanet alfa

A

DOAC (rivaroxaban and apixaban) reversal agent
Recombinant factor Xa

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69
Q

Anidulafungin

A

Echinocandin antifungal

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70
Q

Antazoline

A

Imidazoline
1st gen antihistamine with anticholinergic activity

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71
Q

Apalutamide

A

Anticancer
Androgen/testosterone receptor inhibitor

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72
Q

Apixaban

A

DOAC
Factor Xa inhibitor

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73
Q

Apomorphine hydrochloride

A

Dopamine agonist
(anti-Parkinsons)

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74
Q

Apraclonidine

A

Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist (eye drops from increased intra-ocular pressure)

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75
Q

Apremilast

A

Immunomodulatory/immunosuppressant
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor

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76
Q

Aprepitant

A

Antiemetic
NK1 antagonist

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77
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotic

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78
Q

Artemether

A

Antimalarial

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79
Q

Ascorbic acid

A

Vitamin C

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80
Q

Asenapine

A

Atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotic

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81
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID and anti-platelet

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82
Q

Atazanavir

A

Antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) for HIV

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83
Q

Atenolol

A

Beta-blocker

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84
Q

Atogepant

A

Anti-migraine agent
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist

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85
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Anti-depressant
SNRI

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86
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Statin

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87
Q

Atovaquone

A

Anti-protozoal for pneumonicystis pneumonia
(+ anti-malarial when used with proguanil)

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88
Q

Atropine sulfate

A

Anticholinergic/antimuscarinic

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89
Q

Avanafil

A

Prostaglandin E5 (PGE5) analogue (for erectile dysfunction)

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90
Q

Avatrombopag

A

Platelet production enhancer
Thrombopoietin receptor agonist

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91
Q

Avelumab

A

Immunotherapeutic and anticancer monoclonal antibody

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92
Q

Axitinib

A

Anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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93
Q

Azacitidine

A

Anticancer/chemotherapy drug
Demethylation agent

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94
Q

Azathioprine

A

Immunosuppressant/immunomodulator

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95
Q

Azelaic acid

A

Topical dicarboxylic acid for acne (kills bacteria)

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96
Q

Azelastine

A

Antihistamine

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97
Q

Azilsartan medoxomil

A

Antihypertensive
ARB

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98
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic

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99
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam (monocyclic beta lactam) antibiotic

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100
Q

Baclofen

A

Anti-spasmodic (skeletal muscle relaxant)

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101
Q

Baloxavir marboxil

A

Antiviral (influenza)
Polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitor

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102
Q

Balsalazide

A

Aminosalicylate for IBD and UC

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103
Q

Baricitinib

A

DMARD
(JAK inhibitor)

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104
Q

Basiliximab

A

IL-2 receptor antagonist monoclonal antibody

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105
Q

Beclometasone

A

Corticosteroid

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106
Q

Belantamab mafodotin

A

Antineoplastic/chemotherapeutic antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)

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107
Q

Belimumab

A

B-lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitor monoclonal antibody

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108
Q

Belumosudil

A

Serine/threonine kinase inhibitor

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109
Q

Bemiparin

A

LMWH

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110
Q

Bempedoic acid

A

LDL-cholesterol lowering agent
Adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor

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111
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic

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112
Q

Benperidol

A

Typical (1st gen) antipsychotic

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113
Q

Benralizumab

A

Il-5 inhibitor monoclonal antibody

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114
Q

Benzalkonium chloride

A

Cationic surfactant (anti-dandruff agent)

115
Q

Benzathine benzylpenicillin

A

Penicillin (beta-lactam) bactericidal antibiotic

116
Q

Benzoyl peroxide

A

Topical antibiotic (acne)

117
Q

Benzydamine hydrochloride

A

NSAID mouthspray for local anaesthetic effect

118
Q

Benzyl benzoate

A

Topical scabicide

119
Q

Betamethasone

A

Long-acting orticosteroid

120
Q

Betaxolol

A

BVeta-blocker

121
Q

Bethanechol chloride

A

Parasympathomimetic and cholinergic muscarinic agonist

122
Q

Bevacizumab

A

Antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody

123
Q

Bexarotene

A

Anticancer drug and retinoid

124
Q

Bezafibrate

A

LDL-cholesterol lowering drug

125
Q

Bezlotoxumab

A

Human monoclonal antitoxin antibody against C. diff toxin B

126
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Anti-androgen/testosterone

127
Q

Bilastine

A

Non-sedating antihistamine

128
Q

Bimatoprost

A

Prostaglandin analogue as eye drops (decrease intraocular pressure)

129
Q

Bimekizumab

A

Humanised monoclonal antibody

130
Q

Binimetinib

A

Anticancer kinase inhibitor

131
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Stimulant laxative

132
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

Anti-diarrhoeal and antacid agent

133
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta-blocker

134
Q

Bivalirudin

A

Thrombin inhibitor

135
Q

Bosentan

A

Pulmonary arterial antihypertensive
Endothelin receptor antagonist

136
Q

Brimonidine

A

Alpha2-adrenergic agonist as eye drops (reduce intra-ocular pressure) or topical (facial erythema in rosacea)

137
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Carbonic anyhdrase inhibitor as eye drops (reduce intra-ocular pressure)

138
Q

Brivaracetam

A

Anticonvulsant

139
Q

Brodalumab

A

IL-17A inhibitor recombinant human monoclonal antibody

140
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine agonist (for Parkinsons, pituitary tumours, hyperprolactinaemia, NMS)

141
Q

Budesonide

A

Corticosteroid

142
Q

Bulevirtide

A

Sodium-bile acid co-transporter inhibitor (for chronic Hep D infection)

143
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic

144
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Amino-amide local anaesthetic

145
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Opioid partial agonist-antagonist

146
Q

Bupropion

A

Antidepressant
Noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor

147
Q

Buserelin

A

Luteinising hormone (LH) blocker

148
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiolytics

149
Q

Cabazitaxel

A

Chemotherapy

150
Q

Cabergoline

A

Dopamine receptor agonist (for Parkinsons, hyperprolactinaemia)

151
Q

Cabotegravir

A

Antiretroviral for HIV

152
Q

Calcifediol monohydrate

A

Calcitriol

153
Q

Calcipotriol

A

Topical synthetic vitamin D3 derivative

154
Q

Calcitriol

A

Calcitriol

155
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Calcium supplement
+
Antacid
+
Phosphate binder

156
Q

Calcium acetate

A

Phosphate binder (for hyperphosphatemia in CKD)

157
Q

Calcium polystyrene sulfonate

A

Ion exchange resin (for hyperkalaemia in CKD)

158
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Anti-diabetic
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor

159
Q

Candesartan

A

Antihypertensive
ARB

160
Q

Cangrelor

A

Anticoagulant
P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonist

161
Q

Captopril

A

Antihypertensive
ACE inhibitor

162
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Anticonvulsant

163
Q

Carbimazole

A

Imidazole antithyroid agent

164
Q

Carbocisteine

A

Mucolytic

165
Q

Carboplatin

A

Anticancer/chemotherapy
Alkylating agent

166
Q

Carboprost

A

Prostaglandin analogue

167
Q

Cariprazine

A

Atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotic

168
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta-blocker
+
Alpha-1 blocker

169
Q

Caspofungin

A

Echinocandins antifungal

170
Q

Cefaclor

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

171
Q

Cefadroxil

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

172
Q

Cefalexin

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

173
Q

Cefazolin

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

174
Q

Cefepime

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

175
Q

Cefiderocol

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

176
Q

Cefixime

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

177
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

178
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

179
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactam) antibiotic

180
Q

Celecoxib

A

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor

181
Q

Celiprolol

A

Beta-blocker

182
Q

Cenobamate

A

Anticonvulsant

183
Q

Certolizumab pegol

A

PEGylated anti-TNF monoclonal antibody

184
Q

Cetirizine

A

Non-drowsy antihistamine

185
Q

Cetuximab

A

Targeted anticancer monoclonal antibody (EGFR inhibitor)

186
Q

Activated charcoal

A

Emergency treatment for rapid elimination of poisons

187
Q

Chloral hydrate

A

Hypnotic and sedative (for insomnia)

188
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Potent broad-spectrum antibiotic

189
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine (used for alcohol withdrawal)

190
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

Broad spectrum antimicrobial

191
Q

Chloroprocaine

A

Ester local anaesthetic

192
Q

Chloroquine

A

Antimalarial (amebicide)

193
Q

Chlorphenamine

A

Drowsy/sedating antihistamine

194
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical (1st gen) antipsychotic

195
Q

Chlortalidone

A

Thiazide-like diuretic

196
Q

Ciclesonide

A

Inhaled corticosteroid

197
Q

Ciclosporin

A

Immunosuppressant
(Calcineurin inhibitor)

198
Q

Cidofovir

A

Antiviral
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase inhibitor

199
Q

Cimetidine

A

Histamine H2 antagonist

200
Q

Cinacalcet

A

Calcimimetic (for hyperparathyroidism)

201
Q

Cinchocaine

A

Local anaesthetic

202
Q

Cinnarizine

A

Antiemetic
Antihistamine

203
Q

Ciprofibrate

A

Fibrate (for hyperlipidaemia)

204
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

205
Q

Cisatracurium

A

Skeletal muscle relaxant (to facilitate tracheal intubation)
Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD)

206
Q

Cisplatin

A

Anticancer/chemotherapy
Alkylating agent

207
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

208
Q

Cladribine

A

Cytotoxic nucleoside analogue (used in cancers and MS)

209
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic

210
Q

Clindamycin

A

Lincosamide antibiotic

211
Q

Clobazam

A

Benzodiazepine

212
Q

Clobetasol propionate

A

Topical corticosteroids

213
Q

Clobetasone butyrate

A

Topical corticosteroid

214
Q

Clofazimine

A

Riminophenazine antimycobacterial

215
Q

Clomethiazole

A

Sedative hypnotic/GABAA-mimetic (alcohol withdrawal, agitation, insomnia)

216
Q

Clomifene citrate

A

Selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

217
Q

Clomipramine hydrochloride

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

218
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepine

219
Q

Clonidine hydrochloride

A

Antihypertensive
Alpha2 adrenergic-agonist

220
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet
P2Y12 inhibitor

221
Q

Clotrimazole

A

Azole antifungal
Imidazole

222
Q

Clozapine

A

Antipsychotic (2nd gen)

223
Q

Cobicistat

A

Pharmacokinetic enhancer
CYP3A inhibitor used in conjunction with HIV antivirals to increase their exposure

224
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid analgesic

225
Q

Colchicine

A

Anti-gout

226
Q

Colecalciferol

A

Vitamin D3 analogue

227
Q

Colesevelam hydrochloride

A

Bile acid-binding resin for hypercholesteremia

228
Q

Colestipol hydrochloride

A

Bile acid-binding resin for hypercholesteremia

229
Q

Colestyramine

A

Bile acid-binding resin for hypercholesteremia

230
Q

Crotamiton

A

Topical antiparasitic (scabies)

231
Q

Cyanocobalamin

A

Vitamin B12

232
Q

Cyclizine

A

Antihistamine antiemetic

233
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Anticancer chemotherapy
Alkylating agent

234
Q

Cycloserine

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotic for TB

235
Q

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride

A

Antihistamine

236
Q

Cyproterone acetate

A

Steroidal antiandrogen

237
Q

Cytisinicline

A

NRT
Nicotine-receptor partial agonist

238
Q

Dabigatran

A

Anticoagulant/DOAC
Direct thrombin inhibitor

239
Q

Dalbavancin

A

Glycopeptide antibiotic

240
Q

Dalteparin

A

Anticoagulant (LMWH)

241
Q

Danaparoid

A

Anticoagulant and antithrombotic (heparinoid)

242
Q

Dantrolene

A

Skeletal muscle relaxant

243
Q

Dapagliflozin

A

Antidiabetic
SGLT2 inhibitor

244
Q

Dapsone

A

Sulphone antibiotic

245
Q

Daptomycin

A

Lipopeptide antibiotic

246
Q

Darbepoetin alfa

A

Erythopoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)

247
Q

Daridorexant

A

OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonist (for insomnia)

248
Q

Darifenacin

A

Antimuscarinic and antispasmodic

249
Q

Darolutamide

A

Anticancer
Androgen receptor inhibitor.

250
Q

Darunavir

A

Antiviral (HIV)
Protease inhibitor

251
Q

Daunorubicin

A

Anthracycline antibiotic

252
Q

Deflazacort

A

Corticosteroid

253
Q

Degarelix

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist

254
Q

Delafloxacin

A

Quinoline antibiotic

255
Q

Demeclocycline

A

Tetracycline antibiotic

256
Q

Desloratadine

A

Antihistamine

257
Q

Desmopressin

A

Vasopressin analogue

258
Q

Desogestrel

A

Progesterone (POP)

259
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Glucocorticoid

260
Q

Dexamfetamine

A

CNS stimulant

261
Q

Dexketoprofen

A

NSAID

262
Q

Diamorphine

A

Opioid analgesic

263
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine

264
Q

Diazoxide

A

Non-diuretic thiazide

265
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID

266
Q

Dicobalt edetate

A

Cyanide poisoning antidote

267
Q

Dicycloverine hydrochloride

A

Smooth muscle antispasmodic (for IBS)/anticholinergic

268
Q

Dienogest

A

Nortestosterone derivative with progestogenic effect (for endometriosis)

269
Q

Diethylcarbamazine

A

Anthelmintic drug

270
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac glycoside

271
Q

Dihydrocodeine tartrate

A

Opioid analgesic

272
Q

Diltiazem

A

Antihypertensive
CCB

273
Q

Dimethyl fumarate

A

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory drug

274
Q

Dimeticone

A

Surfactant

275
Q

Dinoprostone

A

Prostaglandin E2

276
Q

Dipipanone

A

Opioid analgesic

277
Q

Dipyridamole

A

Antiplatelet
(PDE inhibitor)

278
Q

Disopyramide

A

Anti-arrythmatic

279
Q

Disulfiram

A

Alcohol antagonist (for alcoholism)

280
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta1 agonist/cardiac stimulant

281
Q

Docusate sodium

A

Laxative
Stool softener

282
Q

Dolutegravir

A

Antiviral (HIV)
HIV integrase inhibitor

283
Q

Domperidone

A

Dopamine agonist

BNF (2 decks)

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