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PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILES > DRUG CLASSES > Flashcards

DRUG CLASSES Flashcards

1
Q

What main drug class causes a dose-dependent depression of the CNS?

A

Sedatives and Hypnotics

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2
Q

What drug class depresses the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis?

A

Barbiturates

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3
Q

What drug class exhibits anticonvulsant activity and produce a dose dependent respiratory depression?

A

Barbiturates

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4
Q

What drug class contains benzo and non-benzo drugs?

A

Antianxiety drugs

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5
Q

What medication group causes generalized CNS depression, has no analgesic properties, and is for short term use only?

A

Benzos

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6
Q

What medication group act on the brain’s dopamine and serotonin receptors?

A

Non-Benzos

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7
Q

TCA’S, MAOI’S, SSRI’S, and SNRI’S all fall under what drug class?

A

Antidepressants

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8
Q

What antidepressant class increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to the CNS?

A

SSRI’s

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9
Q

How long does it take for antidepressant drugs to take effect?

A

4-6 weeks

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10
Q

How long do you need to wait before switching from MAOI’s to TCA’s?

A

At least 14 days

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11
Q

What drug class blocks dopamine receptors in the brain and also alter dopamine and release turnover?

A

Antipsychotics

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12
Q

What drug class is classified as “Typical” (1st generations) and “Atypical” (2nd generation)?

A

Antipsychotics

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13
Q

Which antipsychotic drug classification has fewer drug effects? (typical or atypical)

A

Atypical (2nd generation)

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14
Q

What drug class increase levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS?

A

CNS Stimulants

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15
Q

What drug class is used to treat Narcolepsy and ADHD?

A

CNS Stimulants

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16
Q

What drug class is used to reduce the excitability of the neurons in the brain?

A

Anticonvulsants

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17
Q

What drug class inhibits nausea and vomiting?

A

Antiemetics

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18
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of antiemetics?

A
  1. Antiemetic

2. Antivertigo

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19
Q

What drug class is used to remove feeling or sensation?

A

Anesthetics

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20
Q

What class of anesthetic inhibits the transport of ions across neuronal membranes?

A

Local anesthetics

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21
Q

What drug makes a patient feel dissociated from their surrounding, is a non-competitive antagonist, and increases BP/HR/ and cardiac output?

A

Ketamine

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22
Q

What dosage of Ketamine should be given for pain control purposes?

A

20-40 mg IM

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23
Q

What are the 4 Non-Narcotic Analgesics?

A
  1. Salicylates
  2. Non-Salicylates
  3. NSAIDS
  4. Urinary Analgesics
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24
Q

What analgesic class is used to prevent blood clots, lowers risk of Myocardial Infarctions (MI), Lowers body temp, and relieves mild to moderate pain?

A

Salicylate

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25
Q

What Non-Narcotic Analgesic class may cause Reye Syndrome? (Children with chicken pox or flu may get it)

A

Salicylates

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26
Q

What analgesic class is used for arthritis, lowers body temperature, and is for mild to moderate pain?

A

Non-Salicylate

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27
Q

What Non-Narcotic Analgesic class inhibits the action of COX-1 and COX-2 which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis?

A

NSAIDS

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28
Q

What Non-Narcotic Drug class is an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic?

A

NSAIDS

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29
Q

What Non-Narcotic Analgesic class is used to treat pain associated with a UTI?

A

Urinary Analgesic

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30
Q

What drug class are opioids that bind to opioid receptors in the CNS and work as an agonist?

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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31
Q

What drug class is for short term use and treats moderate to severe pain?

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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32
Q

What drug class is contraindicated for patients with head injuries or intercranial pressure (ICP)?

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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33
Q

What narcotic antagonist is a competitive antagonist to narcotics?

A

Naloxone

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34
Q

What is a chemical that is created in the body and the highest amounts are found in mast cells and basophils?

A

Histamines

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35
Q

What antihistamine binds to receptors in mast cells, smooth, muscle, endothelium, and in the brain; Also suppress histamine-induced swelling and vasodilation?

A

H-1 Antihistamines

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36
Q

What antihistamine is used to treat allergic reactions, insomnia, motion sickness, and vertigo?

A

H-1 Antihistamines

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37
Q

What antihistamine binds to receptors in the upper G.I. tract (primarily in the stomach); Also is used to treat gastric acid conditions?

A

H-2 Antihistamines

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38
Q

What drug class is used to reduce swelling of nasal passages, enhances draining of sinuses, enhance norepinephrine and epinephrine by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, and vasoconstricts blood vessels in the nose, throat, and sinuses which lowers inflammation?

A

Decongestants

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39
Q

What receptors are found in bronchial smooth muscle and when stimulated, cause dilation of the bronchioles?

A

Beta-2 Receptors

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40
Q

What drug is used to reverse airway obstructions due to asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasms, bronchitis, and emphysema?

A

Beta-2 Agonists

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41
Q

What drug is contraindicated for a patient with cardiac arrhythmia or is taking a beta blocker?

A

Beta-2 Agonist

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42
Q

What drug class antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, which produce bronchodilation?

A

Muscarinic Antagonist

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43
Q

What drug class is used to prevent bronchial asthma and is also used for the management of COPD?

A

Muscarinic Antagonist

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44
Q

What is a broncho constrictive substance released by the body during inflammation? What drug class would be used to stop this?

A
  1. Leukotriene

2. Leukotriene Antagonist

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45
Q

What drug class is used to inhibit the release of substances that cause broncho constriction and inflammation from mast cells in the respiratory tract?

A

Mast Cell Stabilizers

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46
Q

What drug class is used to treat both asthma and COPD?

A

Mast Cell Stabilizers

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47
Q

What drug class decreases the inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple different cytokines?

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

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48
Q

What drug class suppresses the cough center (central acting)?

A

Antitussives

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49
Q

What drug class is used to treat a non-productive cough, but SOMETIMES treats a productive cough?

A

Antitussives

50
Q

what drug class loosens and mobilizes thick mucus from the respiratory system?

A

Mucolytic

51
Q

What drug class raises thick mucus from the respiratory system?

A

Expectorant

52
Q

What is an abnormal electric current in the heart?

A

Cardiac Arrhythmia

53
Q

How many classes of antiarrhythmics are there?

A

4

54
Q

What antiarrhythmic class raises the potential threshold in the ventricular myocardium?

A

Class 1

55
Q

What antiarrhythmic class uses beta blockers in the beta cells?

A

Class 2

56
Q

What antiarrhythmic class blocks sodium (NA) and Potassium (K) channels?

A

Class 3

57
Q

What antiarrhythmic class uses calcium channel blockers to block calcium channels?

A

Class 4

58
Q

What term is a decrease in oxygen to the heart muscle triggering chest pain or pressure?

A

Angina

59
Q

What Antianginal class have a direct relaxing effect of smooth muscle of blood cells?

A

Nitrates

60
Q

You need to take a patients blood pressure BEFORE and AFTER giving what Antianginal medication class?

A

Nitrates

61
Q

Do not give Nitrates to a patient who has what systolic blood pressure or is taking what type of medication?

A
  1. 100 or below

2. Erectile disfunction medication

62
Q

What are the 4 subclasses of Antihypertension?

A
  1. Ace Inhibitors
  2. Diuretics
  3. Calcium Channel Blockers
  4. Beta Blockers
63
Q

What antihypertension subclass is a vasodilator and also inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2? (In the lungs)

A

Ace Inhibitors

64
Q

What antihypertension subclass has an adverse effect of a dry, hacking cough?

A

Ace Inhibitors

65
Q

What antihypertension subclass act by causing peripheral vasodilation? (inhibit too much calcium from entering muscle cells causing contraction)

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

66
Q

What are the 2 types of Calcium Channel Blockers?

A
  1. Dihydropyridines (primarily used to treat hypertension)

2. Non-Dihydropyridines (treat chronic stable angina and cardiac arrhythmias)

67
Q

What receptor is found chiefly in the heart?

A

Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor

68
Q

What receptor is found mainly in bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, and uterus? (Lungs and MSK)

A

Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors

69
Q

What Antihypertension subclass is used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, migraine headaches, and Myocardial Infarctions (MI)? They DILATE

A

Beta Blockers

70
Q

What are the 2 main subclasses of Diuretics?

A
  1. Loop Diuretics

2. Thiazide Diuretics

71
Q

What Diuretic subclass increases excretion of Sodium (NA) and Chloride by inhibiting the reabsorption of these ions in the Loop of Henle?

A

Loop Diuretics

72
Q

What Diuretics subclass inhibits the reabsorption of Sodium (NA) and Chloride ions in the kidney?

A

Thiazide Diuretics

73
Q

What Hyperlipidemia class inhibit an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis? (Lowers cholesterol)

A

HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors

74
Q

What Drug class NEUTRALIZES the acidity of the stomach?

A

Antacids

75
Q

What drug class REDUCES secretion of gastric acid; Also inhibit Histamine H2 receptors in the stomach?

A

Histamine H2 Antagonists

76
Q

What drug class SUPPRESS gastric acid secretion; Also block the final step in the production of gastric acid?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

77
Q

What drug class decrease intestinal peristalsis?

A

Antidiarrheal

78
Q

What drug class creates a de-foaming action which prevents gas pockets in the intestine?

A

Anti-flatulent

79
Q

What laxative adds bulk and water to contents f the intestine?

A

Bulk Producing

80
Q

What laxative lubricates the intestinal walls and softens the stool?

A

Emollient

81
Q

What laxative promotes water retention to soften up stool?

A

Fecal Softeners

82
Q

What laxative dehydrates local tissue which causes irritation and increased peristalsis?

A

Hyperosmolar

83
Q

What laxative increases peristalsis by direct action to the intestine?

A

Irritant or stimulant

84
Q

What laxative pulls water into the intestine, which will increase peristalsis?

A

Saline

85
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of antidiabetics?

A
  1. Insulin

2. Oral Antidiabetics

86
Q

What antidiabetic subclass is used for type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and can also be used for SEVERE type 2 diabetes?

A

Insulin

87
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of oral antidiabetics?

A
  1. Sulfonylureas

2. Biguanides

88
Q

What oral antidiabetic subclass lower blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of the pancreas to make more insulin?

A

Sulfonylureas

89
Q

What oral antidiabetic subclass increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat cells?

A

Biguanides

90
Q

What antidiabetic class is used to treat ONLY type 2 diabetes not controlled with diet and exercise?

A

Oral antidiabetics

91
Q

What drug class is contraindicated for a patient with a server infection and CHF?

A

Antidiabetics

92
Q

What are the 2 main classes of hormones?

A
  1. Thyroid

2. Contraceptive

93
Q

What hormone class is used to treat hypothyroidism?

A

Thyroid hormones

94
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of contraceptives?

A
  1. Estrogens

2. Progestins

95
Q

What contraceptive subclass inhibits the ovulation process?

A

Estrogens

96
Q

What contraceptive subclass prevents maturation of ovarian follicle and ovulation?

A

Progestins

97
Q

What hormone class is contraindicated with a risk of thromboembolic disease which is increased in females 35 years or older that use tobacco?

A

Contraceptives

98
Q

What is the term for drugs that KILL bacteria?

A

Bactericidal

99
Q

What is the term for drugs that slow the multiplication of bacteria?

A

Bacteriostatic

100
Q

What antibacterial subclass slows down bacteria growth where the body’s immune system is able to then rid of remaining bacteria? Used to treat UTI’s caused by E-Coli and Staph.

A

Sulfonamides

Bacteriostatic

101
Q

What antibacterial subclass works on bacteria that has become resistant to penicillin’s?

A

Cephalosporines

Bactericidal

102
Q

Are Penicillin’s bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

103
Q

Are Tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

104
Q

Are Macrolides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

105
Q

What antibacterial class is used to treat pneumonia and UTI’s?

A

Fluoroquinolones

Bactericidal

106
Q

What antibacterial subclass may have an adverse reaction of tendinitis and tendon rupture?

A

Flouroquinolones

107
Q

What antibacterial subclass may have an adverse reaction of Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, and Neurotoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides

Bactericidal

108
Q

What antibacterial subclass is used to treat severe infections and hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Carbapenems

109
Q

What antibacterial subclass is used to treat toxic shock syndrome, bacterial vaginosis, and bite wounds?

A

Lincosamide

110
Q

What drug class inhibits viral replication?

A

Antivirals

111
Q

What drug class is used to treat Herpes, HIV, Flu, and Hep C?

A

Antivirals

112
Q

What drug class is used to treat superficial infections, tinea pedis, tinea crutis, and onychomycosis?

A

Antifungals

113
Q

What drug class is used to treat back pain, neck pain, and muscle spasms of the lumber region?

A

Muscle relaxers

114
Q

What drug class acts as an anti-inflammatory and helps treat autoimmune disorders?

A

Corticosteroids

115
Q

What drug class may cause Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Corticosteroids

116
Q

What drug class has potentially life-threatening adrenal insufficiency that can occur if stopped abruptly?

A

Corticosteroids

117
Q

What drug class acts on intracranial blood vessels of the trigeminal system; Causes vasoconstriction to reduce inflammation?

A

Antimigraine

118
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of topical drugs used for skin disorders?

A
  1. Scabicide

2. Keratolytic

119
Q

What topical drug subclass paralyzes and KILLS pests?

A

Scabicide

120
Q

What topical drug subclass is used to remove warts?

A

Keratolytic

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILES (6 decks)

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