DRUG CLASSES Flashcards
1
Q
What main drug class causes a dose-dependent depression of the CNS?
A
Sedatives and Hypnotics
2
Q
What drug class depresses the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis?
A
Barbiturates
3
Q
What drug class exhibits anticonvulsant activity and produce a dose dependent respiratory depression?
A
Barbiturates
4
Q
What drug class contains benzo and non-benzo drugs?
A
Antianxiety drugs
5
Q
What medication group causes generalized CNS depression, has no analgesic properties, and is for short term use only?
A
Benzos
6
Q
What medication group act on the brain’s dopamine and serotonin receptors?
A
Non-Benzos
7
Q
TCA’S, MAOI’S, SSRI’S, and SNRI’S all fall under what drug class?
A
Antidepressants
8
Q
What antidepressant class increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to the CNS?
A
SSRI’s
9
Q
How long does it take for antidepressant drugs to take effect?
A
4-6 weeks
10
Q
How long do you need to wait before switching from MAOI’s to TCA’s?
A
At least 14 days
11
Q
What drug class blocks dopamine receptors in the brain and also alter dopamine and release turnover?
A
Antipsychotics
12
Q
What drug class is classified as “Typical” (1st generations) and “Atypical” (2nd generation)?
A
Antipsychotics
13
Q
Which antipsychotic drug classification has fewer drug effects? (typical or atypical)
A
Atypical (2nd generation)
14
Q
What drug class increase levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS?
A
CNS Stimulants
15
Q
What drug class is used to treat Narcolepsy and ADHD?
A
CNS Stimulants
16
Q
What drug class is used to reduce the excitability of the neurons in the brain?
A
Anticonvulsants
17
Q
What drug class inhibits nausea and vomiting?
A
Antiemetics
18
Q
What are the 2 subclasses of antiemetics?
A
- Antiemetic
2. Antivertigo
19
Q
What drug class is used to remove feeling or sensation?
A
Anesthetics
20
Q
What class of anesthetic inhibits the transport of ions across neuronal membranes?
A
Local anesthetics
21
Q
What drug makes a patient feel dissociated from their surrounding, is a non-competitive antagonist, and increases BP/HR/ and cardiac output?
A
Ketamine
22
Q
What dosage of Ketamine should be given for pain control purposes?
A
20-40 mg IM
23
Q
What are the 4 Non-Narcotic Analgesics?
A
- Salicylates
- Non-Salicylates
- NSAIDS
- Urinary Analgesics
24
Q
What analgesic class is used to prevent blood clots, lowers risk of Myocardial Infarctions (MI), Lowers body temp, and relieves mild to moderate pain?
A
Salicylate
25
What Non-Narcotic Analgesic class may cause Reye Syndrome? (Children with chicken pox or flu may get it)
Salicylates
26
What analgesic class is used for arthritis, lowers body temperature, and is for mild to moderate pain?
Non-Salicylate
27
What Non-Narcotic Analgesic class inhibits the action of COX-1 and COX-2 which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis?
NSAIDS
28
What Non-Narcotic Drug class is an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic?
NSAIDS
29
What Non-Narcotic Analgesic class is used to treat pain associated with a UTI?
Urinary Analgesic
30
What drug class are opioids that bind to opioid receptors in the CNS and work as an agonist?
Narcotic Analgesics
31
What drug class is for short term use and treats moderate to severe pain?
Narcotic Analgesics
32
What drug class is contraindicated for patients with head injuries or intercranial pressure (ICP)?
Narcotic Analgesics
33
What narcotic antagonist is a competitive antagonist to narcotics?
Naloxone
34
What is a chemical that is created in the body and the highest amounts are found in mast cells and basophils?
Histamines
35
What antihistamine binds to receptors in mast cells, smooth, muscle, endothelium, and in the brain; Also suppress histamine-induced swelling and vasodilation?
H-1 Antihistamines
36
What antihistamine is used to treat allergic reactions, insomnia, motion sickness, and vertigo?
H-1 Antihistamines
37
What antihistamine binds to receptors in the upper G.I. tract (primarily in the stomach); Also is used to treat gastric acid conditions?
H-2 Antihistamines
38
What drug class is used to reduce swelling of nasal passages, enhances draining of sinuses, enhance norepinephrine and epinephrine by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, and vasoconstricts blood vessels in the nose, throat, and sinuses which lowers inflammation?
Decongestants
39
What receptors are found in bronchial smooth muscle and when stimulated, cause dilation of the bronchioles?
Beta-2 Receptors
40
What drug is used to reverse airway obstructions due to asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasms, bronchitis, and emphysema?
Beta-2 Agonists
41
What drug is contraindicated for a patient with cardiac arrhythmia or is taking a beta blocker?
Beta-2 Agonist
42
What drug class antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, which produce bronchodilation?
Muscarinic Antagonist
43
What drug class is used to prevent bronchial asthma and is also used for the management of COPD?
Muscarinic Antagonist
44
What is a broncho constrictive substance released by the body during inflammation? What drug class would be used to stop this?
1. Leukotriene
| 2. Leukotriene Antagonist
45
What drug class is used to inhibit the release of substances that cause broncho constriction and inflammation from mast cells in the respiratory tract?
Mast Cell Stabilizers
46
What drug class is used to treat both asthma and COPD?
Mast Cell Stabilizers
47
What drug class decreases the inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple different cytokines?
Inhaled Corticosteroids
48
What drug class suppresses the cough center (central acting)?
Antitussives
49
What drug class is used to treat a non-productive cough, but SOMETIMES treats a productive cough?
Antitussives
50
what drug class loosens and mobilizes thick mucus from the respiratory system?
Mucolytic
51
What drug class raises thick mucus from the respiratory system?
Expectorant
52
What is an abnormal electric current in the heart?
Cardiac Arrhythmia
53
How many classes of antiarrhythmics are there?
4
54
What antiarrhythmic class raises the potential threshold in the ventricular myocardium?
Class 1
55
What antiarrhythmic class uses beta blockers in the beta cells?
Class 2
56
What antiarrhythmic class blocks sodium (NA) and Potassium (K) channels?
Class 3
57
What antiarrhythmic class uses calcium channel blockers to block calcium channels?
Class 4
58
What term is a decrease in oxygen to the heart muscle triggering chest pain or pressure?
Angina
59
What Antianginal class have a direct relaxing effect of smooth muscle of blood cells?
Nitrates
60
You need to take a patients blood pressure BEFORE and AFTER giving what Antianginal medication class?
Nitrates
61
Do not give Nitrates to a patient who has what systolic blood pressure or is taking what type of medication?
1. 100 or below
| 2. Erectile disfunction medication
62
What are the 4 subclasses of Antihypertension?
1. Ace Inhibitors
2. Diuretics
3. Calcium Channel Blockers
4. Beta Blockers
63
What antihypertension subclass is a vasodilator and also inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2? (In the lungs)
Ace Inhibitors
64
What antihypertension subclass has an adverse effect of a dry, hacking cough?
Ace Inhibitors
65
What antihypertension subclass act by causing peripheral vasodilation? (inhibit too much calcium from entering muscle cells causing contraction)
Calcium Channel Blocker
66
What are the 2 types of Calcium Channel Blockers?
1. Dihydropyridines (primarily used to treat hypertension)
| 2. Non-Dihydropyridines (treat chronic stable angina and cardiac arrhythmias)
67
What receptor is found chiefly in the heart?
Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor
68
What receptor is found mainly in bronchial and vascular smooth muscle, and uterus? (Lungs and MSK)
Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors
69
What Antihypertension subclass is used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, migraine headaches, and Myocardial Infarctions (MI)? They DILATE
Beta Blockers
70
What are the 2 main subclasses of Diuretics?
1. Loop Diuretics
| 2. Thiazide Diuretics
71
What Diuretic subclass increases excretion of Sodium (NA) and Chloride by inhibiting the reabsorption of these ions in the Loop of Henle?
Loop Diuretics
72
What Diuretics subclass inhibits the reabsorption of Sodium (NA) and Chloride ions in the kidney?
Thiazide Diuretics
73
What Hyperlipidemia class inhibit an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis? (Lowers cholesterol)
HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors
74
What Drug class NEUTRALIZES the acidity of the stomach?
Antacids
75
What drug class REDUCES secretion of gastric acid; Also inhibit Histamine H2 receptors in the stomach?
Histamine H2 Antagonists
76
What drug class SUPPRESS gastric acid secretion; Also block the final step in the production of gastric acid?
Proton Pump Inhibitors
77
What drug class decrease intestinal peristalsis?
Antidiarrheal
78
What drug class creates a de-foaming action which prevents gas pockets in the intestine?
Anti-flatulent
79
What laxative adds bulk and water to contents f the intestine?
Bulk Producing
80
What laxative lubricates the intestinal walls and softens the stool?
Emollient
81
What laxative promotes water retention to soften up stool?
Fecal Softeners
82
What laxative dehydrates local tissue which causes irritation and increased peristalsis?
Hyperosmolar
83
What laxative increases peristalsis by direct action to the intestine?
Irritant or stimulant
84
What laxative pulls water into the intestine, which will increase peristalsis?
Saline
85
What are the 2 subclasses of antidiabetics?
1. Insulin
| 2. Oral Antidiabetics
86
What antidiabetic subclass is used for type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and can also be used for SEVERE type 2 diabetes?
Insulin
87
What are the 2 subclasses of oral antidiabetics?
1. Sulfonylureas
| 2. Biguanides
88
What oral antidiabetic subclass lower blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of the pancreas to make more insulin?
Sulfonylureas
89
What oral antidiabetic subclass increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat cells?
Biguanides
90
What antidiabetic class is used to treat ONLY type 2 diabetes not controlled with diet and exercise?
Oral antidiabetics
91
What drug class is contraindicated for a patient with a server infection and CHF?
Antidiabetics
92
What are the 2 main classes of hormones?
1. Thyroid
| 2. Contraceptive
93
What hormone class is used to treat hypothyroidism?
Thyroid hormones
94
What are the 2 subclasses of contraceptives?
1. Estrogens
| 2. Progestins
95
What contraceptive subclass inhibits the ovulation process?
Estrogens
96
What contraceptive subclass prevents maturation of ovarian follicle and ovulation?
Progestins
97
What hormone class is contraindicated with a risk of thromboembolic disease which is increased in females 35 years or older that use tobacco?
Contraceptives
98
What is the term for drugs that KILL bacteria?
Bactericidal
99
What is the term for drugs that slow the multiplication of bacteria?
Bacteriostatic
100
What antibacterial subclass slows down bacteria growth where the body's immune system is able to then rid of remaining bacteria? Used to treat UTI's caused by E-Coli and Staph.
Sulfonamides
| Bacteriostatic
101
What antibacterial subclass works on bacteria that has become resistant to penicillin's?
Cephalosporines
| Bactericidal
102
Are Penicillin's bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bactericidal
103
Are Tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bacteriostatic
104
Are Macrolides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bacteriostatic
105
What antibacterial class is used to treat pneumonia and UTI's?
Fluoroquinolones
| Bactericidal
106
What antibacterial subclass may have an adverse reaction of tendinitis and tendon rupture?
Flouroquinolones
107
What antibacterial subclass may have an adverse reaction of Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, and Neurotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
| Bactericidal
108
What antibacterial subclass is used to treat severe infections and hospital acquired pneumonia?
Carbapenems
109
What antibacterial subclass is used to treat toxic shock syndrome, bacterial vaginosis, and bite wounds?
Lincosamide
110
What drug class inhibits viral replication?
Antivirals
111
What drug class is used to treat Herpes, HIV, Flu, and Hep C?
Antivirals
112
What drug class is used to treat superficial infections, tinea pedis, tinea crutis, and onychomycosis?
Antifungals
113
What drug class is used to treat back pain, neck pain, and muscle spasms of the lumber region?
Muscle relaxers
114
What drug class acts as an anti-inflammatory and helps treat autoimmune disorders?
Corticosteroids
115
What drug class may cause Cushing's Syndrome?
Corticosteroids
116
What drug class has potentially life-threatening adrenal insufficiency that can occur if stopped abruptly?
Corticosteroids
117
What drug class acts on intracranial blood vessels of the trigeminal system; Causes vasoconstriction to reduce inflammation?
Antimigraine
118
What are the 2 subclasses of topical drugs used for skin disorders?
1. Scabicide
| 2. Keratolytic
119
What topical drug subclass paralyzes and KILLS pests?
Scabicide
120
What topical drug subclass is used to remove warts?
Keratolytic
