Drug Cards Flashcards
Narcan Drug Class
BLS
Opioid Antagonist
Narcan Action
BLS
Binds the opioid receptor and blocks the effects of a narcotic
Narcan Side Effects
BLS
N/V, restlessness, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension, tremors, seizures, cardiac arrest, narcotic withdrawal.
Narcan Contraindications
BLS
Use with caution with patients with SVT, or cardiac Dx, head trauma, or a brain tumor
Narcan Dose
BLS
Adult: 0.4mg to 2 mg IV, IM, IN, or SQ. Higher doses are required with synthetic medications
Peds: 0.1 mg/kg
Oral Glucose Indications
BLS
- Patient must have an open airway
- BGL must be lower than 60
- 1 Tube per patient
- BGL before and after administration
EPI Drug Class
BLS
Adrenergic agent, intropic
EPI Indications
BLS
Bronchospasm, allergic and anaphylactic reactions, cardiac arrest, bradycardia when pacing is not available.
EPI Side Effects
BLS
Anxiety, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, nervousness, tremors, chest pain, N/V
EPI Dose
BLS
1 mg of 1:10,000 solution IV,IO every 3-5 mins for a cardiac arrest up to a max of 5mgs/doses per patient. (EPI is a vasoconstrictor and restricts blood flow in the brain)
0.3-0.5 mg IM or SQ for allergic reactions and may repeat every 10-15 minutes
Oxygen Drug Class
BLS
Elemental gas
Oxygen Action
BLS
Increases cellular energy metabolism
Oxygen
BLS
High concentrations can cause decreased level of consciousness and respiratory depression in patients with COPD. Oxygen causes systemic vasoconstriction, use with caution on ischemic strokes.
Oxygen Dose
BLS
NC 2-6 LPM
NRBM 15 LPM
BVM 25 LPM
Albuterol Drug Class
(BLS)
(Asthma/COPD)
Bronchodilator, beta agonist
Albuterol Actions
(BLS)
(Asthma/COPD)
Binds and stimulates beta 2 receptors resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
Albuterol Indications
(BLS)
(Asthma/COPD)
-Asthma, bronchitis with spasms, and COPD. (Crush injury)
- Albuterol helps push potassium in the cells during
a crush injury
-Use with caution on patients nursing, and patients with a cardiac history
Albuterol Dose
(BLS)
(Asthma/COPD)
Adult and Ped dose: 2.5 mgs in 3 ml of NS. May repeat as needed
Nitroglycerin Drug Class
(BLS)
(CHF)
Antianginal agent
Nitroglycerin Action
(BLS)
(CHF)
- Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, thereby dilating the arteries and veins.
- Nitro decrease the preload and afterload of the heart and must be used with caution in inferior MI’s
Nitroglycerin indications
(BLS)
(CHF)
Angina or chest pain of a cardiac origin
Nitroglycerin Side Effects
(BLS)
(CHF)
Headache, hypotension, bradycardia, flushing
Nitroglycerin Contraindications
(BLS)
(CHF)
Hypotension (90 systolic), severe bradycardia, increased ICP, patients taking sexually enhanced medications
Nitroglycerin Dose
(BLS)
(CHF)
0.4 mg tab or spray to a max of 3 doses
Activated Charcoal Drug Class
BLS
Antidote, adsorbent
Activated Charcoal Indications
BLS
Toxic ingestion
Activated Charcoal Contraindications
BLS
Ingestion of acids, alkalis, ethanol, acid, bleach, cyanide, iron salts, lithium, patient in a coma, GI obstruction
Activated Charcoal Dose
BLS
50-100 g per dose
ASA Drug Class
BLS
Antiplatelet, nonnarcotic analgesic, antipyretic
ASA Action
BLS
Prevents the formation of a chemical know as thromboxane A2, which causes platelets to bind together
ASA Indications
BLS
Fever, inflammation, angina, AMI, and patients complaining of pain, pressure, squeezing, or crushing in the chest that might be cardiac
ASA Contraindications
BLS
Active GI bleed, hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding disorder, children with chickenpox and a fever
Normal Saline Drug Class
Electrolyte replacement
- NS is an isotonic solution
Normal Saline Dose
20 ml/kg while checking lung sounds every 250 ml
Normal Saline Indications
Septic patients, hypovolemic (dehydrated) Patients, and cardiogenic shock
Lactated Ringers Drug Class
Electrolyte replacement
- LRS is an isotonic solution
Lactated Ringers Dose
20 ml/kg while checking lung sounds every 250 ml
Lactated Ringers Indications
septic patients, hypovolemic patients, burn patients, and cardiogenic shock
Hypertonic Solutions
Solution that has a greater concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell
Hypotonic Solution
A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution. In biology, a solution outside of a cell is called hypotonic if it has a lower concentration of solutes relative to the cytosol. Due to osmotic pressure, water diffuses into the cell, and the cell often appears turgid, or bloated.
Isotonic Solution
An isotonic solution is one that has the same osmolarity, or solute concentration, as another solution. If these 2 solutions are separated by semipermeable membrane, water will flow in equal parts out of each solution and into the other.
Lasix Drug Class
CHF
Loop diuretic
Lasix Action
CHF
Inhibits the absorption of the sodium and chloride ions and water in the loop of Henle, as well as the convoluted tubule of the nephron
Lasix Indications
CHF
Pulmonary edema, CHF, hypertensive emergency
Lasix Adverse effects
CHF
vertigo, dizziness, weakness, and orthostatic hypotension
Lasix Contraindications
CHF
Known sensitivity to sulfonamides and lasix
Lasix Dose
CHF
20-40 mgs IVP
Morphine Drug Class
CHF
Opiate agonist
Morphine Action
CHF
Binds with opioid receptors. Morphine is capable of inducing hypotension by depressing the vasomotor of the brain as well as a release of the chemical histamine. With chest pain such as angina. Morphine reduces stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which lowers heart rate and anxiety and this reduces oxygen demand.
Morphine Indications
CHF
Moderate to severe pain, including chest pain associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), CHF, Pulmonary edema
Morphine Side Effects
CHF
Respiratory depression, hypotension, N/V, bradycardia
Morphine Contraindication
CHF
Respiratory depression, shock, head trauma
Morphine Dose
CHF
2-4 mgs slow IVP over a 1-5 min period
Digoxin Drug Class
CHF
Cardiac glycoside
Digoxin Indications
CHF
CHF, to control ventricle rate in chronic A-Fib
Lopressor Drug Class
CHF
Beta adrenergic antagonist
Lopressor Indications
CHF
ACS, hypertension, SVT, A-Flutter, A-Fib
Atrovent Drug Class
Asthma/COPD
Bronchodilator, anticholinergic
Atrovent Action
Asthma/COPD
Antagonizes the acetylcholine receptors on bronchial smooth muscle, producing bronchodilation
Atrovent Indications
Asthma/COPD
Asthma, bronchospasm associated with COPD
Atrovent Adverse affects
Asthma/COPD
Paradoxical acute bronchospasm, cough, throat irritation, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, palpitations
Atrovent Contraindications
Asthma/COPD
Closed angle glaucoma, known sensitivity including peanuts or soybeans and atropine or atropine derivatives
Atrovent Dose
Asthma/COPD
Nebulized: Adult 0.5 mg every 20 mins with 2.5 mgs of albuterol
Duoneb
Asthma/COPD
- Albuterol 2.5 mg in 3 ml NS with Atrovent 0.5 mg in 2.5 ml of NS
- 2nd line treatment if bronchodilator is ineffective or severe cases of Asthma or COPD exacerbations
Decadron (AKA: Dexamethasone) Drug Class
Asthma/COPD
Corticosteroid
Decadron (Dexamethasone) Action
Asthma/COPD
Reduces inflammation by multiple mechanisms
Decadron (Dexamethasone) Indications
Asthma/COPD
Anti-inflammatory agent for a wide variety of medical conditions, including asthma, airway edema, acute mountain sickness, cerebral edema, etc.
Decadron (Dexamethasone) Adverse effects
Asthma/COPD
Depression, euphoria, headaches, restlessness, hypertension, bradycardia, N/V, swelling, diarrhea, weakness, and fluid retention
Decadron (Dexamethasone) Contraindications
Asthma/COPD
Fungal infection, known sensitivity (including sulfites) use with caution in active infections, renal disease, and penetrating spinal cord injuries
Decadron (Dexamethasone) Dose
Asthma/COPD
Most common is 10 mg slow IVP
Solu-medrol Drug Class
Asthma/COPD
Corticosteroid
Solu-medrol Action
Asthma/COPD
Reduces inflammation by multiple mechanisms
Solu-medrol Indications
Asthma/COPD
Anaphylaxis, asthma, and COPD
Magnesium Sulfate Drug Class
Asthma/COPD
Electrolyte, mineral
Magnesium Sulfate Action
Asthma/COPD
Required for normal physiologic functioning. Mag sulfate is a cofactor neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Mag controls seizures by blocking peripheral neuromuscular transmission. Mag is also a peripheral vasodilator and an inhibitor of platelet function.
Magnesium Sulfate Indications
Asthma/COPD
Torsade’s de pointes, cardiac arrhythmias associated with hypomagnesemia, eclampsia, and seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia, status asthmaticus
Magnesium Sulfate Side effects
Asthma/COPD
Mag toxicity (signs of flushing, diaphoresis), hypotension, muscle paralysis, weakness, hypothermia, and cardiac, CNS, or resp depression
Magnesium Sulfate Contraindications
Asthma/COPD
AV blocks, GI obstruction, renal impairments
Magnesium Sulfate Dose
Asthma/COPD
Asthma: Adult: 1-2 g slow IV/IO over 20 mins
Peds: 25-50 mg/kg diluted in D5W of 10-20
mins
Racemic EPI Drug Class
Asthma/COPD
Bronchodilator
Racemic EPI Action
Asthma/COPD
Stimulates both alpha and beta receptors, causing vasoconstriction, reduced mucosal edema, and bronchodilation
Racemic EPI Indications
Asthma/COPD
Bronchial asthma, croup
Racemic EPI Side Effects
Asthma/COPD
Anxiety, dizziness, headache, tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, N/V
Racemic EPI Contraindications
Asthma/COPD
Glaucoma, elderly, cardiac Dx, hypertension, thyroid disorder, diabetes
Racemic EPI Dose
Asthma/COPD
Adult: 0.3 mg in 0.5 ml to nebulizer for handheld neb,
administer 1-3 inhalations
Or 2.25% solution; 0.05-0.1 ml/kg max dose 0.5 ml
