Drug Cards

Question 1

Codeine

Answer 1

Class: Opioid Agonist
Indication: Analgesia and Antitussive
Prodrug: Converts to morphine by CYP2D6
C/I:
Breastfeeding & children under 12
Ultra-rapid metabolizers of CYP2D6
Alcoholics

Question 2

Statins
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)

Answer 2

Class: HMG - CoA Reductase Inhibitors
MoA: ↓ serum LDL
Taken at night
Adverse: myalgia –> myopathy (10%)

Question 3

Latanoprost (Xalatan)

Answer 3

Class: Prostaglandins
MoA: ↑ Aqueous outflow
Adverse: not for contact lens users

Question 4

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Answer 4

Class: 1st Gen. H₁ blockers (antihistamine)
C/I:
- less than 2 years old
- CNS depressants (alcohol)
Cautions:
- elderly
- poor metabolizers of CYP2D6

Question 5

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Answer 5

Class: 2nd Gen H₁ blocker (antihistamine)
Indication: Allergies, itching, sneezing
MoA: selective antagonism of peripheral H₁ receptors

Question 6

Azelastine (Astelin)

Answer 6

Class: Intranasal antihistamine
Indication: Allergic rhinitis
MoA: Antagonizes central and peripheral H₁ receptors
C/I: not used if under 5 years old

Question 7

Fluticasone (Flonase)

Answer 7

Class: Intranasal steroid
MoA: ↓ Pro-inflammatory mediators & vasoconstriction
Adverse: Epistaxis, burning, dryness

Question 8

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (Augmentin)

Answer 8

Class: PCN & β-lactase inhibitor
Indications: S. pneumoniae, H. flu, & S. pyogenes (GAS)
MoA:
- Amoxicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Clavulanic acid inhibits β-lactamase
Adverse: Diarrhea, nausea, candida
C/I:
- Mononucleosis (maculopapular rash)
- CrCl < 30 in extended release form