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Pharm 2 > Drug box 5 > Flashcards

Drug box 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Methergine Name

A

Methylergonovine Maleate

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2
Q

Methergine Classification

A

Ergot Derivative

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3
Q

Methergine Contraindication

A

IV administration is NOT recommended because of sudden hypertensive and cerebrovascular accidents., CAD; Breastfeeding.

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4
Q

Methergine Dose and Route

A

Dose: 0.2mg
Route: IV & IM

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5
Q

Methergine Mechanism of Action (MOA)

A

Acts directly on the smooth muscle of the uterus and increases the tone, rate, and amplitude of rhythmic contractions.

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6
Q

Methergine Elimination

A

Hepatic metabolism and excretion

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7
Q

Methergine Onset

A

IV;Immediate, IM: 2-5 minutes, PO: 5-10 minutes

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8
Q

Methergine Duration

A

20-30 mins

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9
Q

Famotidine name

A

Pepid

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10
Q

Famotidine Classification

A

H2 (Histamine) receptor antagonist

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11
Q

Famotidine contraindication

A

Pregnancy: drug will be present in breast milk and can cross the placenta and blood brain barrier. (use cimetidine for pregnancy). Renal failure increases the elimination half life therefore decreased dose is recommended. Decrease dose in patients with acute burns. Decrease dose in elderly related to increased elimination half-life up to twofold in elderly patients. Famotidine interferes with phosphate absorption and can lead to hypophosphatemia in chronic uses.

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12
Q

Famotidine dose

A

20mg iv or 20-40mg po

Route: Rapid oral absorption: 50% hepatic first pass effect: Can be given IV

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13
Q

Famotidine MOA

A

Famotidine competitively and selectively antagonizes/blocks histamine from binding to the H2 recepto

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14
Q

Famotidine Elimination

A

elimination half life 2.5-4 hours: combination of hepatic metabolism (principal mechanism for oral route) and renal. Renal clearance is typically 2-3x > creatinine clearance (extensive renal tubular secretion). Only 10-20% of the drug would be cleared by hemodialysis. Hepatic dysfunction does not have a significant effect on elimination.

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15
Q

Famotidine Onset

A

rapid iv

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16
Q

Famotidine Peak

A

1-3.5 hr

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17
Q

Famotidine Duration

A

10 hrs

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18
Q

Valium name

A

Valium, diazepam

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19
Q

Valium classification

A

Benzodiazepine/Anticonvulsant/Anxiolytic

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20
Q

Valium contraindication

A

Glaucoma; During or within 14 days of MAOI therapy

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21
Q

Valium dose and route

A

4.) Dose
0.5-1mg/kg IV for induction of anesthesia
0.1mg/kg IV to abolish seizures
Flood pg 179-180 ebook
5.) Route
PO, IV, IM

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22
Q

Valium MOA

A

GABA receptor agonist

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23
Q

Valium Elimination

A

Liver

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24
Q

Valium Onset

A

po 30- 60min
IM 15-30 min
IV 1-5 min

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25
Q

Valium Peak

A

1-2 hrs

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26
Q

Valium Duration

A

iv 15min-1hr

po up to 3 hrs

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27
Q

Valium misc

A

Miscellaneous
Reversal Flumazenil
Reduces requirements of volatile anesthetics.

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28
Q

Dilaudid name

A

Hydromorphone

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29
Q

Dilaudid classification

A

Semisynthetic Opioid

30
Q

Dilaudid contraindication

A

Hypersensitivity to morphine, acute/severe asthma, Increase ICP, pregnancy, severe respiratory depression, paralytic ileus, pruritus

31
Q

Dilaudid Dose and Route

A

Dose:
Adult Analgesia: 0.5-1 mg (Miller’s Anesthesia Vol 2 pg. 2992)
Epidural Cont. Infusion: 0.1-0.2 mg/hr (Miller’s Anesthesia Vol 2 pg. 2992)
** 7-8 times more potent than morphine

Route: IV, PO

32
Q

Dilaudid MOA

A

Mu1 and Mu2 agonist

33
Q

Dilaudid Elimination

A

Elimination is via hepatic conjugation. Unlike morphine, it lacks the active metabolite M6G, therefore, administration is safe in renal patients

34
Q

Dilaudid Onset

A

15-30 min

35
Q

Dilaudid peak:

A

30-90min

36
Q

Dilaudid Duration

A

4-5 hr

37
Q

Pancuronium name

A

Pavulon

38
Q

Pancuronium classification

A

Nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant

39
Q

Pancuronium contraindiation

A

MG, Bromide Hypersensitivity & pts unable to handle tachycardia.

40
Q

Pancuronium dose and route

A

Dose-0.04-0.1mg/kg

Route: IV

41
Q

Pancuronium MOA

A

Steroidal, potent long-acting neuromuscular blocking drug with both vagolytic and butyrylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties

42
Q

Pancuronium Elimination

A

40% to 60% is cleared by the kidney; 11% is excreted in the bile; 15% to 20% is metabolized, mainly by deacetylation in the liver.

43
Q

Pancuronium Onset

A

1-3 min

44
Q

Pancuronium Peak

A

2.9 Minutes

45
Q

Pancuronium Duration

A

40-65 min

46
Q

Pancuronium Misc

A

Miscellaneous-reverse with anticholinesterase

Bottle- 1mg/ml in 10ml vial

47
Q

Glucophage name

A

Metformin ( Generic)

48
Q

Glucophage classification

A

Biguanide

49
Q

Glucophage contraindication

A

Should not be prescribed in patients with lactic acidosis, acute kidney injury, GI intolerance, and acute hepatic disease.

50
Q

Glucophage route

A

po

51
Q

Glucophage MOA

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral
insulin sensitivity.

52
Q

Glucophage Elimination

A

Renal

53
Q

Glucophage Onset

A

1-3 hrs

54
Q

Glucophage peak

A

2 hrs

55
Q

Glucophage duration

A

17 hrs

56
Q

Glucophage misc

A

The most serious side effect is lactic acidosis. For this reason, some have recommended discontinuing metformin 48 hours or longer before elective operations

57
Q

Hemabate name

A

carboprost tromethamine

58
Q

Hemabate classification

A

Oxytocic Synthetic prostaglandin

59
Q

Hemabate contraindication

A

Hypersensitivity, Acute pelvic inflammatory disease, active cardiac, pulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease.

60
Q

Hemabate dose/ route

A

Dose- Initial dose of 250mcg IM. Can give successive doses 15-90 minutes apart for a total of up to 2mg or 8 total doses.
Route: IM

61
Q

Hemabate MOA

A

binds to prostaglandin E2 receptor and stimulated uterine contraction

62
Q

Hemabate Elimination

A

Metabolized by lungs and liver. excreted via kidneys

63
Q

Hemabate Misc

A

Stimulation of smooth muscle can cause diarrhea, vomiting, hypertension. Can be used for abortions in fetuses aged 13-20 weeks

64
Q

Bicitra name

A

Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid

65
Q

Bicitra classification

A

Nonparticulate neutralizing buffer

66
Q

Bicitra contraindication

A
  • Severe renal impairment (oliguria, azotemia, anuria)
  • Addison’s Disease
  • Severe heart disease
  • Heat cramps
  • Acute dehydration
  • Adynamic episodica hereditaria
67
Q

Bicitra dose and route

A

Dose:
Adults: 15 ml diluted in 15 ml of water administered within 60 minutes of surgery
Children: 5 – 15 ml diluted in 5 – 15 ml of water
Route: PO

68
Q

Bicitra MOA

A

converted to bicarbonate in the body to increase blood pH (raises blood pH by 2.5 in most patients)

69
Q

Bicitra Elmination

A

kidneys

70
Q

Bicitra Onset

A

2-10min

71
Q

Bicitra duration

A

60-90min (30mins per dr hammon)

72
Q

Bicitra misc

A
  • Useful for patients at high risk of aspiration; given to increase blood pH in treatment of metabolic acidosis and buffering pH of gastric secretions to prevent aspiration pneumonitis associated with intubation and anesthesia
  • S/E: metabolic alkalosis and saline laxative effect

Pharm 2 (13 decks)

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