Drug Addiction Flashcards
Pros and cons of oral ingestion
ease and relative safety
unpredictability
Pros and cons of injection
strong, fast, predictable
scar tissue, infections, collapsed veins
Cons to inhalation
difficult to regulate dose, damage lungs
Why do smokers believe that smoking relieves stress
Because it increases stress between cigarettes, but brings stress back to normal while smoking, creating the illusion of decreased stress while smoking
Smoking releases ______ and _______
epinephrine and dopamine
Moderate to high doses of alcohol ______ neural firing, low doses ______ firing
depress
stimulate
Low doses suppress ______ neurons, high doses suppress ______ neurons
inhibitory
excitatory
Alcohol increases affinity for _______
GABA
-reduced neuronal excitability by inhibiting nerve transmission
CB1 is found _______ and CB2 is found _______
brain (prevalent metabotropic receptors)
CNS and immune cells
Stimulants like cocaine block reuptake of ________
catecholamines (dopamine)
MDMA reverses ______ reuptake
serotonin
also norepinephrine, dopamine and oxytocin
Opiates bind to receptors whose normal function is to bind to _____________
endogenous opioids (control pain)
Opiates produce _______
analgesia (less pain)
_______ and _______ have high rates of self stimulation
septum and lateral hypothalamus
______ and ______ are central to reward circuit
VTA and nucleus accumbens
