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neuro II > drug actions > Flashcards

drug actions Flashcards

1
Q

zolpidem

A

benzodiazepine receptor agonist

->ambien

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2
Q

zaleplon

A

benzodiazepine receptor agonist

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3
Q

eszoplicone

A

benzodiazepine receptor agonist

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4
Q

flumazenil

A

benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

->blocks GABA receptor

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5
Q

ramelteon

A

melatonin receptor agonist

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6
Q

doxepin

A

TCA, used for insomnia

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7
Q

mirtazapine

A

anti-depressant used for insomnia

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8
Q

trazodone

A

anti-depressant used for insomnia

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9
Q

how do anti-depressants work in insomnia?

A

anti-histaminergic actions in tuberomammillary nucleus

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10
Q

doxylamine

A

1st gen antihistamine

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11
Q

how do 1st gen antihistamines work in insomnia

A

anti-histaminergic action in tuberomammillary nucleus

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12
Q

suvorexant

A

orexin receptor antagonist

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13
Q

2 longest acting NSAIDs

A

nabumetone, naproxen

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14
Q

what is used for migraines in 1st trimester of pregnancy? later trimesters? what’s contraindicated

A

acetaminophen, opioids, ergots

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15
Q

what NSAID can be administered IM as alternative to opioids?

A

Ketorolac

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16
Q

which triptan is most effective and fastest acting? which two are the slowest but longest acting?

A

SQ sumatriptan

1. frovatriptan 2. naratriptan

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17
Q

metoclopramide: primary and secondary actions

A

1-central D2 blockade
2-cholinergic actions->prokinetic
->anti-emetics

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18
Q

prochlorperazine: primary and secondary actions

A

1-central D2 blockade
2-anti-cholinergic and alpha-antagonist, antihistamine
->anti-emetic

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19
Q

chlorpromazine: primary and secondary actions

A

1-central D2 blockade
2-anti-cholinergic and alpha-antagonist, antihistamine
->anti-emetic

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20
Q

promethazine: primary and secondary actions

A

1-anti-histamine (1st gen)
2-D2 and cholinergic antagonist
->anti-emetic

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21
Q

amytryptilline: MOA and use

A

TCA with anticholinergic action

migraine prophylaxis

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22
Q

valproic acid: MOA and non-AED use

A

Na channel blocker and increased GABA activity

migraine prophylaxis

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23
Q

topiramate: MOA and use

A

Na channel and glutamate blocker, increased GABA activity

migraine prophylaxis

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24
Q

what are the ophthalmic uses for muscarinic antagonists

A

uveitis/iritis and eye examinations

25
Q

cyclopentolate

A

muscarinic antagonist

26
Q

homotropine

A

muscarinic antagonist

27
Q

scopolamine

A

muscarinic antagonist

28
Q

tropicamide

A

muscarinic antagonist

29
Q

what are the prostaglandin analogs for glaucoma, what specific prostaglandin, and how do they work?

A

-prost’s
PGF2alpha
increase aqueous outflow

30
Q

which two categories of drugs increase aqueous outflow in glaucoma?

A

prostaglandin analogs

muscarinic agonists/AChE inhibitors

31
Q

echothiopate

A

AChE inhibitor

32
Q

dipevefrin: MOA and use

A

prodrug of epinephrine->alpha and beta agonist

glaucoma

33
Q

brimonidine: MOA and use

A

alpha2 agonist

glaucoma and ocular hypertension

34
Q

apraclonidine: MOA and use

A

alpha2 agonist

ocular hypertension

35
Q

phenylephrine: MOA and use

A

alpha agonist

produce mydriasis and decongestant

36
Q

naphalozine: MOA and use

A

alpha agonist

decongestant

37
Q

tetrahydrozoline: MOA and use

A

alpha agonist

decongestant

38
Q

verteporfin

A

laser activator for treatment of macular degeneration

39
Q

carbamazepine

A

Na channel blocker

40
Q

clonazepam

A

benzodiazepine AED

41
Q

ethosuximide

A

T type Ca channel inhibitor

42
Q

gabapentin

A

inhibits alpha2 subunit of Ca channel

43
Q

valproate

A

increased GABA activity, reduced GABA metabolism

T type Ca channel inhibitor

44
Q

zonisamide

A

Na channel inhibitor

45
Q

phenytoin

A

Na channel inhibitor

46
Q

felbamate

A

GABA agonist

NMDA glutamate antagonist

47
Q

topiramate

A

Na channel blocker
GABA agonist
AMPA glutamate antagonist

48
Q

oxcarbazepine

A

Na channel blocker

49
Q

lacosamide

A

Na channel blocker

50
Q

lamotrigine

A

Na channel blocker

51
Q

levetiracetam

A

AED, unknown MOA

52
Q

what are AED options for partial and secondarily generalized seizures?

A

carbamazepine
oxcarbazepine
lamotrigine
levetiracetam

53
Q

what are AED options for primary generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures as well as atypical absence seizures?

A

valproate
lamotrigine
levetiracetam

54
Q

what are AED options for absence seizures?

A

valproate

ethosuximide

55
Q

what anticholinergic drug may be used in vertigo?

A

scopolamine

56
Q

aprepitant/fosaprepitant

A

NK1 antagonist

57
Q

dronabinol

A

cannabinoid

58
Q

what two steroids are use as anti-emetics

A

methylprednisolone and dexamethasone

neuro II (5 decks)

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