anesthesia Flashcards
which inhaled anesthetic produces analgesia? which maintains protective CO2 reflex?
nitrous oxide for both
which inhaled anesthetic is not as lipid soluble as the others? what is the result? how is that taken advantage of?
nitrous oxide
reaches saturation rapidly
mass effect: coformulated with other agents
which inhaled anesthetic has no effects on CV system? what is the exception to that?
nitrous oxide
opioids can block reflexive sympathetic effects and unmask depressive effects
which inhaled anesthetic is most responsible for diffusional hypoxia on termination?
nitrous oxide
what does the initial administration of anesthetics show?
period of delirium:
exaggerated mechanics of respiration, breath holding
increased muscle tone and BP, mydriasis
why would analgesics be routinely used in anesthesia?
loss of memory and perceptive awareness may precede analgesia
which inhaled anesthetic has greatest potency? why?
halothane: lowest MAC
why can’t nitrous oxide be used alone?
MAC = 105%
incomplete anesthetic: requires supra-atmospheric pressures to work on own
which inhaled drugs work fastest? why?
N2O>desflurane>sevoflurane
less lipid soluble->lower blood:gas partition coefficient
besides lower blood:gas partition coefficients, why else do the newer inhaled drugs work faster?
lower brain:blood partition coefficients
enter brain faster
irritating odor is adverse effect of which anesthetics?
enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane
which inhaled anesthetics produce muscle relaxation?
enflurane and isoflurane
which inhaled anesthetic is pro-arrhythmogenic? why?
halothane: sensitizes heart to catecholamines
what is a unique toxicity of halothane?
halothane hepatitis
which inhaled anesthetic is pro-epileptic in susceptible individuals?
enflurane