Drug action in Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 1

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

Rest and digest

Question 2

What happens at the different organs of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

Salivary gland = causes salivation

Heart = slows heart rate

Airways =
constricts bronchi
stimulates muscle secretion

GI Tract =
increased motility
stimulates secretion (digestion of food)

Urinary bladder =
contraction of detrusor muscle
relaxation of sphincter to micturition

Question 3

What did Lowewi conclude in his experiement

Answer 3

Chemical substance is released when heart is stimulated which is able to change rate of heart beat

Question 4

What is nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 4

Type of ligand-gated ion channel receptor
Fast neurotransmission

Question 5

What is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Answer 5

Type of G protein
When agonist binds it changes confirmation and rotates. Energy is transmitted to G protein and activated

Question 6

What can pilocarpine be used for and is it an agonist or antagonist

Answer 6

Agonist
Used for dry mouth to produce saliva

Question 7

What is ipratropium and tiotropium used for and is it an agonist or antagnoist

Answer 7

Used in inhalers for respiratory conditions

Question 8

How to reduce bronchidilation

Answer 8

Give inhaler

Question 9

What is the process of G protein-coupled receptors

Answer 9

1. Agonist binds in pocket from the extracellular side
2. Inactive G protein consists of a and By subunits. a is bound to GDP
3. Agonist binds and activates receptor
4. Confirmation of shape changes which activated G protein
5. G protein splits into Ga and Gby
6. These move in the cell to other proteins and modulate their function

Question 10

What are the 3 types of G protein

Answer 10

G as - stimulates cAMP formation
G ai - inhibits cAmp formation
G aq - activates phosphilase

Question 10

What is the process of GPCR calcium signalling

Answer 10

1. Ga stimulates phospilase (pLC)
2. PLC concerts PIP2 into IP3 and DAG
3. IP3 acts on IP3 receptors on sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca into cytoplasm
4. Results in smooth muscle contraction

Question 11

What are the functions of cAMP

Answer 11

1. increased lipolysis
2. increased glycogen breakdown
3. reduced glycogen synthesis
4. effects on heart and blood vessels