Drug Action & Drug Administration

Question 1

placebo effect

Answer 1

how our sense perception can be altered to experience the medicinal effects of a drug that we are not actually taking

Question 2

types of injection

Answer 2

intravenous, subcutaeneous, intramuscular

Question 3

drug administration methods

Answer 3

ingestion by mouth, injection, inhalation, skin absorption, application to ear or eye

Question 4

what determines the method of administration?

Answer 4

metabolism, digest tract, speed effectiveness, dosage, tolerance, addiction, side effects

Question 5

drug tolerance

Answer 5

when an effectiveness of a drug decreases after it is taken for an extended period of time

Question 6

bioavailability

Answer 6

fraction of administered dosage that reaches the tagret site

Question 7

what drug administration method has the most bioavailability?

Answer 7

intravenous injection

Question 8

significance of polarity in drug effectiveness

Answer 8

drug must have polarity in order to reach the blood and must have nonpolarity to pass through the cell membrane

Question 9

therapeutic index

Answer 9

ratio between drug dosage that causes toxic/lethal effects and dosage that causes the therapeutic effect

Question 10

effective dose

Answer 10

minimum dosage that produces desired therapeutic effect in 50% of patients

Question 11

lethal dose

Answer 11

the dosage that causes death in 50% of animals

Question 12

TI (animals)

Answer 12

LD50 / ED50

Question 13

toxic dose

Answer 13

dosage that causes toxicity in 50% of patients

Question 14

therapeutic window

Answer 14

range of doses between minimum amounts of the drug that produce desired effect and a medically unacceptable adverse effect

Question 15

TI (human)

Answer 15

TD50 / ED50

Question 16

rule of TI value

Answer 16

• the higher the value, the safer the drug is
• high values are usually common in drugs with low bioavailability