Drug & abuse & addiction & cancer

Question 1

What is addiction?

Answer 1

A chronic disease that disrupts the brain’s system of motivation, reward, and memory.

Characterized by compulsive desire for a substance or behavior, harm to the individual and/or society.

Question 2

What is the difference between addiction and addictive behavior?

Answer 2

Addiction is physiological, while addictive behavior is psychological.

Addictive behavior is any habit that becomes out of control and negatively affects health.

Question 3

What are the 4 Cs that indicate addiction?

Answer 3

• Craving
• Loss of control
• Compulsion to use
• Use despite consequences

Question 4

What are some characteristics of addiction?

Answer 4

• Reinforcement (positive or negative)
• Compulsion/craving
• Loss of control
• Escalation
• Negative consequences

Question 5

What is Substance Use Disorder (SUD)?

Answer 5

A mental disorder affecting a person’s brain and behavior, leading to inability to control substance use.

Symptoms can range from moderate to severe, with addiction being the most severe form.

Question 6

Name some common mental health disorders that co-exist with SUD.

Answer 6

• Anxiety
• Depression
• ADHD
• Bipolar disorder
• Schizophrenia

Question 7

What are the DSM-5 diagnosis levels for substance use disorder?

Answer 7

Mild (2-3), Moderate (4-5), Severe (more than 6).

Question 8

What is the definition of drugs?

Answer 8

Any chemical other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body.

Question 9

What are psychoactive drugs?

Answer 9

Chemicals that can alter a person’s consciousness or experience, affecting feelings, moods, or perceptions.

Question 10

What is the effect of CNS depressants?

Answer 10

Reduces the function of the CNS, leading to decreased anxiety and drowsiness.

Example: Xanax.

Question 11

What is cross-tolerance?

Answer 11

Transfer of tolerance from one drug to another within the same general category.

Question 12

What are the types of stigma related to drug use?

Answer 12

• Self-stigma
• Social stigma
• Structural stigma

Question 13

What is the process of addiction?

Answer 13

Exposure, loss of control, and dependence.

Dependence can be physical or psychological.

Question 14

What are the stages of tumor development?

Answer 14

• Stage 1: Hyperplasia
• Stage 2: Dysplasia
• Stage 3: In situ cancer
• Stage 4: Localized invasive cancer

Question 15

What is metastasis?

Answer 15

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.

Question 16

What is the leading cause of cancer death in Canada?

Answer 16

Lung cancer.

Question 17

What is the five-year survival rate increase for cancer treatment since the early 2000s?

Answer 17

64% increase, up by 9%.

Question 18

What defines benign tumors?

Answer 18

Non-cancerous, encapsulated, and only dangerous if they interfere with body functions.

Question 19

What defines malignant tumors?

Answer 19

Cancerous, capable of spreading, and non-capsulated.

Question 20

What can cause adverse drug reactions?

Answer 20

When the drug creates a response other than its anticipated action, potentially harmful.

Question 21

What is the term for the inappropriate use of legal drugs intended to be medications?

Answer 21

Misuse.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Addiction can be to _______ and behavior.

Answer 22

[drugs]

Question 23

What is the function of a tumor in Stage 4 cancer?

Answer 23

May start to invade nearby tissues, affecting the function of the affected organ or tissue

Tumor has not yet spread beyond the organ of origin.

Question 24

What is metastasis?

Answer 24

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

Can occur through the lymphatic system or blood vessels.

Question 25

What does the development of secondary tumors indicate?

Answer 25

It indicates metastasis ## Footnote Secondary tumors are new tumors that develop because of metastasis.

Question 26

What are the key assessments to determine the stage of cancer?

Answer 26

Examine the size or extent of primary tumors, determine if tumors have invaded nearby lymph nodes, look for metastasis ## Footnote Helps determine the best treatment plan.

Question 27

What is remission in cancer?

Answer 27

A period during cancer in which there are no symptoms or other evidence of the disease ## Footnote May be partial or complete and indicates that the disease is under control.

Question 28

What are the four main types of cancer?

Answer 28

Carcinomas, Sarcomas, Lymphomas, Leukemias ## Footnote Each type arises from different tissue types.

Question 29

What are carcinomas?

Answer 29

Cancers that arise from epithelial tissues covering body surfaces and lining internal cavities ## Footnote Most common type of cancer, e.g., skin, breast, prostate.

Question 30

What are sarcomas?

Answer 30

Cancers that arise from connective and fibrous tissues, such as muscle and bone ## Footnote Example includes vascular sarcoma.

Question 31

What are lymphomas?

Answer 31

Cancers originating in the lymphatic system ## Footnote Includes Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Question 32

What are leukemias?

Answer 32

Cancers of the blood or blood-forming cells ## Footnote Includes acute and chronic types, such as ALL and AML.

Question 33

What is the most common form of cancer in Canada?

Answer 33

Skin cancer ## Footnote Includes highly curable forms.

Question 34

What is a significant risk factor for skin cancer?

Answer 34

Excess exposure to UV rays from the sun ## Footnote Both UVA and UVB exposure are linked to skin cancer development.

Question 35

What are the two most common types of skin cancer?

Answer 35

Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma ## Footnote Together, they account for 99% of skin cancers diagnosed each year.

Question 36

What is melanoma?

Answer 36

The most dangerous type of skin cancer that spreads rapidly ## Footnote Most common sites include the back, chest, abdomen, and lower legs.

Question 37

What is the ABCDE rule used for?

Answer 37

To detect early signs of melanoma ## Footnote A: Asymmetry, B: Border irregularity, C: Colour change, D: Diameter greater than 0.5 cm, E: Evolving.

Question 38

What is a common treatment for skin cancer if biopsy confirms cancerous cells?

Answer 38

Surgery ## Footnote Early detection is key for effective treatment.

Question 39

What is the role of exercise in managing children with cerebral palsy (CP)?

Answer 39

Helps manage movement and posture issues ## Footnote Exercise is recommended as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Question 40

What are common sleep issues faced by children with CP?

Answer 40

Difficulty falling asleep, night awakenings, breathing disturbances, daytime sleepiness ## Footnote Linked to muscle tightness and discomfort.

Question 41

What is polysomnography?

Answer 41

A test that records brain activity, breathing, and movement during sleep ## Footnote Used to diagnose sleep issues.

Question 42

What are depressants?

Answer 42

Substances that affect the central nervous system, slowing messages between the brain and body ## Footnote Includes benzodiazepines, ketamine, and opioids.

Question 43

What is the effect of benzodiazepines?

Answer 43

They decrease nervous system activity and release GABA ## Footnote Used to treat seizures and anxiety.

Question 44

What are the side effects of opioids?

Answer 44

Constipation, nausea, dizziness ## Footnote Opioids can cause euphoria by acting on the reward system.

Question 45

NO: Drug addict

Answer 45

People who use drugs

Question 46

NO: Former Drug Addict

Answer 46

People who have used substances

Question 47

NO: Drug abuse

Answer 47

Drug use

Question 48

Synercits Addiction

Answer 48

Heightened exaggerated effect produced by the concurrent use of two or more drugs

Question 49

Potentiations effect

Answer 49

Phenomenon the use of one drug intensifies the effect of a second drug

Question 50

Anatgonist effect

Answer 50

effect produced when one drug reduces or offsets the effects of the second drug

Question 51

Addictve effect

Answer 51

 Combined effect produced by the concurrent use of two or more drugs