Drug

Question 1

What are the four main classes of beta-lactam antibacterial drugs?

Answer 1

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams

Question 2

Second-Generation cephalosporin

Answer 2

cefaclor

cefuroxime

Question 3

Third-Generation Drugs

Answer 3

Cefotaxime, cefixime , ceftrixone

Question 4

Azoles

Answer 4

They inhibit demethylase (cytochrome P450 enzymes

Question 5

What are some inhibitors of beta-lactamases that can be added to overcome bacterial resistance?

Answer 5

• Clavulanic acid
• Sulbactam
• Tazobactam

Question 6

Which penicillin is not excreted by the kidneys and is instead excreted mainly in the bile?

Answer 6

Nafcillin

Question 7

Beta-lactam antibiotics are

Answer 7

Bacteriocidal

Question 8

What are the examples of natural penicillins?

Answer 8

• Penicillin G
• Penicillin V

Question 9

What is the spectrum of activity for aminopenicillins?

Answer 9

Wider-spectrum, Extended spectrum including gram-positive and some gram-negative organisms

Question 10

Which class of penicillins is active against Pseudomonas?

Answer 10

Antipseudomonal penicillins

Question 11

What is the most common side effect of penicillins?

Answer 11

Hypersensitivity reactions

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action for cephalosporins?

Answer 12

Similar to penicillins – Bactericidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Question 13

What are the first-generation cephalosporins?

Answer 13

• Cefazolin
• Cefadroxil
• Cephalexin

Question 14

What is the major elimination mechanism for cephalosporins?

Answer 14

Renal excretion via active tubular secretion

Question 15

Cefepime

Answer 15

Fourth-Generation
empiric drug in nosocomial pneumonia

Question 16

What is the primary clinical use of ceftriaxone?

Answer 16

Treatment of serious infections like sepsis and Lyme disease

Question 17

What are the side effects associated with vancomycin?

Answer 17

• Phlebitis
• Red man syndrome

Question 18

What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?

Answer 18

Inhibits transglycosylation by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of peptidoglycan

Question 19

Which antibiotics are classified as protein synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 19

• Chloramphenicol
• Tetracyclines
• Macrolides
• Clindamycin
• Aminoglycosides

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

Answer 20

Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal RNA

Question 21

What is the clinical use of erythromycin?

Answer 21

Effective against Mycoplasmal pneumonia, H. Pylori infection, and Chlamydial infections

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The bacterial ribosome consists of a ______ subunit and a ______ subunit.

Answer 22

50S, 30S

Question 23

True or False: Azithromycin absorption is impeded by food.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Amphotericin B

Answer 24

of life-threatening, systemic mycoses
fungicidal

Intrathecal infusion of amphotericin B is useful in patients with
meningitis
Pregnancy b

Question 25

Amphotericin B Adverse effects

Answer 25

Anemia

Renal impairment

Question 26

Nystatin

Answer 26

topical treatment of Candida
infections because of its systemic toxicity
oral formulation
negligibly absorbed from the gastrointestinal

Question 27

Drugs that inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol

Answer 27

Azoles

Terbinafine