DRRR Flashcards
what is the RA of NDRRMC
RA. 10121
DND
Department of National Defense
“AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”
RA. 10121
who was in-charge once in DND?
Gilbert “GIBO” Teodoro
AFP
Armed Forces of the Philippines
OCD
Office of Civil Defense
PA
Philippine Army
PAF
Philippine air forces
PN
Philippine navy
PMC
Philippine Marine court
former name of NDRRMC
NDCC: national disaster coordinating council
NDRRMO of LGU Aurora
Engr. Daisy Jane d. BOnggo
ZDS Division focal person of NDRRMC
Aida Gallardo
ANHS SDRRMO
farsaude Cansa Ragadio
A “sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property
disaster
A “sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property
who quoted it? ADPC ??
Asian disaster preparedness center, 2002
Its origin can be natural, such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes, or of human origin, such as explosions, nuclear accidents and terrorist acts
disaster
a serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected people to cope, using their human resources” and who said it?
disaster, adelman, 2011.
the probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction and proximity to a hazardous area” (ADPC, 2012)
disaster risk
originate from the different “forces” of nature
natural disaster
It is derived from the interaction of social and environmental processes, from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerability of exposed elements
disaster risk
occur due to people’s actions against human, material and environment.
Human-induced disasters
can take many different forms and the duration can range from an hour to days or weeks of ongoing destruction, and who quoted it?
disaster, hewith and burton, 1971
signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future
disaster risk
Agricultural diseases and pests
natural disaster
The amount of exposure to the disaster is highly related to risk of future mental problems.
severity of exposure
Radiological emergencies
Chemical threat and biological weapons
human-induced disaster
Adults who are in the age range of (blank) are likely to be more distressed after disasters.
40-60
Emergency disease (pandemic influenza)
natural disaster
Cyber attacks
Explosion
Civil unrest
human-induced disaster
Hazardous materials
Power service disruptions and blackout
Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast
human-induced disaster
There is a strong body of evidence that these risk factors can be made worse if the disaster occurs in a (blank)
developing countries
A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water
Population displacement
Water-borne diseases
health risks
After natural disasters, food often becomes scarce. Thousands of people around the world go hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies
food scarcity
Gastric related disease
health risk
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
emotional aftershock
Leptospirosis and typhoid fevers
health risk
How and When an Event Becomes a Disaster ?
An event, either human-induced or natural, becomes a disaster when it is sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses.
what is the strength of the Yolanda?
Strength 290 km/hr
was Yolanda expected or not?
Storm surge was sudden and unexpected
how many people died in Yolanda?
7000+ people perished
a result of vast ecological breakdown in the relation between humans and their environment; a serious or sudden event on such a scale that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with it, often with outside help or international aid.
a disaster
Disaster is defined as a phenomenon that can cause damage to physical elements such as buildings, infrastructures, including people and their properties
physical perspective
the most visible and quantifiable effects of a disaster.
physical effects
shown that disasters can cause serious mental health consequences and takes in the form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
psychological research/psychological perspective
Occurrence involving unexpected
Uncontrollable event rather than a long
Term experience
Psychological Perspective
Shock, terror. Irritability
emotional effects
blame, anger, guilt, grief/sadness, helplessness, loss of pleasure derived from familiar activities, difficulty feeling happy, difficulty feeling loved
emotional effects
Impaired concentration, decision-making ability,
emotional effects
Increased relational conflict, social withdrawal, reduced relational intimacy, alienation, impaired work performance, decreased satisfaction, distrust, externalization of blame, of vulnerability, feeling abndoned
interpersonal effects
People’s socio-cultural background may affect their responses to disasters at the different stages of disaster management
Socio – Cultural Perspective
memory impairment, disbelief, confusion, nightmares, decrease self esteem, self-efficacy, self-blame, intrusive thoughts, memories, dissociation
emotional effects
, a disaster is analyzed based on how people respond having a parameter their social conditions and cultural settings.
Socio-cultural point of view
These two factors are important determinants of the degree of risks,
resilience and vulnerability of those affected.
A natural disaster can be define as a natural event that causes a perturbation to the functioning of the economic system, with a significant negative impact on assets, production factors, output, employment and consumption.
Economic Perspective
the value of what has been damaged or destroyed by the disaster
Direct economic cost
indirect losses is crucial in assessing disaster seriousness.
Done by evaluating the main indirct consequences of a disaster
Economic Perspective
Governmentality or deliverance of government services to constituents can be a plus or minus factor in disaster risk reduction and management.
Political Perspective
Government interventions should be present in the following phases of DRRM. 4 things.
1) Prevention, 2) Mitigation, 3) Preparedness, and 4) recovery
Disasters are not random and do not occur by accident.
Environmental Perspective
They are the convergence of hazards and vulnerable conditions. Disasters not only reveal underlying social, economic, political and environmental problems, but unfortunately contribute to worsening them.
Environmental Perspective
recognizes the risk to development stemming from disasters and calls on the global community to “intensify our collective efforts to reduce the number and effects of natural haards and human-induced disasters
The Millennium Declaration
What are the different forces of nature?
Geological, meteorological, hydrometeorologocal, and biological
refers to the “elements at risk” from a natural or human-induced hazard events.
Exposure
Defined as “the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard
Vulnerbility
the result of a process in which various different things cause a population to be more vulnerable. These can be divide into demographic and socio-economic aspects
Vulnerability
Examples of Demographic factors
Population density, Age of Population, Distribution of Population
The more dense the population, the more efficient a response should be, considering the number of people that might be affected by a disaster.
Population density
Very old and very young populations are less mobile and able to respond to hazard events well.
Age of Population
Regardless of density, populations may be distributed within the hazard area, e.g. elderly people on lower floors apartment buildings, or concentration of highly vulnerable people in poorer areas of a city
distribution of population
Examples of Socio-economic factors
Wealth, Education, and Nature of society
Low income populations are less likely to be well prepared.Poor families will find hard time to do such preparation due to lack of money to spend.
Wealth
Education programs such as MMDA shake drill can instruct populations on how to deal with hazard events, like the “Big One” – anticipated 7.8 magnitude earthquake that may strike Metro Manila anytime
education
In highly centralized government structures, efficient emergency response may be the result of careful planning and training of personnel.
nature of society
examples of community preparedness
building codes, Scientific monitoring and early warning Systems, communication networks, and emergency planning
Rigorous and applied building codes protect most buildings from collapse during earthquakes.
building codes
Established monitoring system can prepare people for onslaught of any kind of disaster.
Scientific monitoring and early warning Systems
Communication plays a very important and crucial role in times of disaster. Communication plan is a very salient component of Emergency Planning that should not be left out.
communication networks
Preparation for a disaster is embodied in an
Emergency plan
(blank) is the key element of prevention.
preparation
Part of preparation for disaster, individual purchase insurance policies to mitigate their losses, thus preparaing them better for similar future events
insurance cover
These are trained for community preparedness
emergency personel
4 main types of vulnerability (UNISDR)
Physical, social, economic and environmental vulnerability
May be determined by aspects such as population density levels, remoteness of a settlement, the site, design, and materials used for critical infrastructures and for housing
physical vulnerability
UNISDR
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Preparedness
Refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural values.
Social vulnerability
The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the economic status of individuals, communities and nations.
Economic vulnerability
It is linked to the level of well being of individuals, communities and society
Social vulnerability
Natural resources depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of
environmental vulnerability
Signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future
Risk Factors
This is one aspect that both communities and government must be sensitive to about.
environmental vulnerability
Derived from the interaction of social and environmental processes, from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerabilities of exposed elements
Risk factors
an example of this is smog or desertification that arise through the interaction of natural processes and human activities
Quasi-natural hazard
an example of this is the toxicity of pesticides to agricultural lands, accidental leaks of chemicals from chemical laboratories or radiation from nuclear plant. These arise directly as a result of human activities
Technological (human-induced) hazard
Also known as quake, tremor or tremblor is the perceptible shaking of the surface f the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy n the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves
Earthquake
USGS
United States geological Science
an offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the Earth’s surface.
Surface rupture
a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading.
Soil Liquifaction
It normally occurs on saturated soils, that is, soils in which the space between individual particles is completely filled with water.
Soil liquifaction
also known as lowering of the ground surface, often occurs during earthquakes.
Subsidence
This occurs where sloping ground starts to move downhill, causing cracks to open up, that are often seen along hill crests and river banks.
Lateral Spreading
also known as seismic sea wave is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Tsunami
These are frequently triggered by strong ground motions. They are important secondary earthquake hazard.
landslides
The term (blank) includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows.
landslide
What are the natural signs of impending tsunami?
Animal behavior and drawback
This is an observable natural sign of an impending tsunami that is noteworthy.
Drawback
these are specific kind of mudflow made up of volcanic debris
lahars
this is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when dissolved in gases in magma expand and escape violently into the atmosphere
volcanic ash
Contain a high-density mix of hot lava blocks, pumice, ash and volcanic gas.
Pyroclastic Flow
Contains dissolved gases , which provide the driving force that causes most volcanic eruptions.
magma
Are streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an erupting vent.
lava flow
Is erupted during either non-explosive activity or explosive lava fountains.
lava flow
(blank) plays a very important and crucial role in times of disaster.
Communication
(Blank) is a very salient component of Emergency Planning that should not be left out.
Communication plan
