Driver for transformation

Question 1

Which international conventions are setting the objectives?

Answer 1

1. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): established in 1992, stabilizing global GHG emissions and climate system
2. Kyoto Protocol: established in 1997 binding targets to reduce GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O)
3. EU Emission Trading Scheme: established 01. 2005
4. European climate and Energy policy: major pillar of EU climate policy to reach targets

Question 2

Which agreements where established in the historic climate deal in Paris?

Answer 2

195 countries adopted a new, legally binding global climate deal to keeping the increase in global average temperature to well below 2ºC above pre-industrial levels

Ambition: limit the increase of global average temperatures to 1.5 ºC

Solidarity: The EU and other developed countries will continue to support climate action to reduce emissions and build resilience to climate change impacts in developing countries

Commitment:
Goal: set more ambitious targets as requiered by science every 5 years
Transparency: report to each other and the public on progress
Progress: global stock take every five years

Question 3

What are the non-tarif measures affecting investment in Energy?

Answer 3

• Local content requirements
• Goverment procurement
• Investment restrictions
• Intellectual property protection
• customs procedures
• tax laws
• administrative licensing
• legal systems
• comformity assesment and technical regulations
• subsidies
• process and production methods
• export controls

Question 4

Which goal has Europe?

Answer 4

The union should become the most competitive ad dynamic knowledge-based economic zone in the world, capable of achieving permanent economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion

Question 5

What are the 5 elements of the “European Energy Union”?

Answer 5

1. Energy security: diversifying Europe’s sources of energy and making better, and efficient use of energy
2. Internal energy market: using interconnectors which enable energy to flow freely across the EU
3. Decarbonisation: renewing the EU emissions trading systems pushing for a global deal for climate change and encouraging private investment
4. R&D: supporting breakthroughs in low-carbon technologies by coordinating reseach and helping to finance projects in partnership with the private sector
5. Energy efficiency: consumming less energy in order to reduce pollution and preserve domestic energy sources

Question 6

What is the meaning of expansion of cross-border?

Answer 6

Interconection allow energy to flow beetween countries.
By 2020 every member state should have interconnection capacity of at least 10% of the installed electricity capacity in place

The European Council insisted to reach a 15% by 2030

Question 7

Which are the goals of the energy efficiency directive?

Answer 7

• Set national energy efficiency targets for 2020
• An annual 3% renovation rate for central goverment buldings
  Mandatory energy savings of 1.5% by member states from 2014 to 2020
• Compulsory regular energy audits in large companies
• Cogeneration: mandatory cost-benefit analyses for the new buildings or when modernizing power plants and industrial plants

Question 8

Historical rates of GHG reduction

Answer 8

Targets 2020:
20% GHG reduction versus 1990
20% share of renewable energy
20% fall in demand versus baseline

Progress:
Expected reduction 23% in 2016, 26% by 2010
17% share of renewable energy at end 2016
11% fall in demand versus 2005 an the end 2015

Targets 2030:
40% GHG reduction versus 1990
27% share of renewable energy
30% energy savings

Progress:
30 - 32% GHG reduction versus 1990

Targets 2050:
80-95% GHG reduction versus 1990

Question 9

Mention some factors of the energy transition in Germany, target, status and developments

Answer 9

Targets:

• Grid expansion
• Share of rewable energies in electricity consumption
• Shutdown of all nuclear power plants
• Share of renewable energies in electricity 50%
• Reduction of primary energy consumption by 50%
• CO2 reduction: at least 80 - 95 % (reference year 1990)

Facts 2013

• reduction of Greenhaus emissions in 23.8%
• share with renewable energies 25.4%
• reduction of primary energy consumption 3.3%
• productivity 1.1%

Germany has a lot of renewable energy, wind in north but there is not integration to the grid
With out storage when nuclear capacity is gone further capacity (8,5 GW) will be lacking after 2022 in a highload winter

Question 10

How is the price of energy affected?

Answer 10

The customer pays all the changes. He pays 71% more than 20 years ago, taxes and levies increased by 400% and now represent 55% of total household price while the companies pay less for more production

Question 11

Mention some actions to decrease CO2 emissions

Answer 11

80% climate path (technical feaseable and economically viable have a positive impact in the economy because of the job creation)
95% climate path (to breach technical feasibiltity and social acceptance) only realistic if other countries persue similar ambitions

340 TH rewable in ships
3x photovoltaic and wind energy
biomasse for industries
buildings renovation
33 millions of electric cars