Dressing Solutions Flashcards
Name the primary dressings that are NOT anti-microbial
Tulle Gras Calcium Alginate Hydrofibre Hydrogel Hydrocolloid
What primary dressings would you use on an infected wound?
Iodine (PVP and cadexomer) Silver Hypertonic Sodium Chloride Honey Chlorhexadine PHMB
What is an example of a low absorbency secondary dressing?
Melolin
Island dressing
What is an example of a moderate absorbency secondary dressing?
Combine
What is an example of a high absorbency secondary dressing?
Foam
What is an example of a super absorbency secondary dressing?
Zetuvit (+)
What is an example of a tertiary dressing?
Tape (micropore)
Bandage (self adhesive)
Fixamul
What 10 factors inhibit healing?
- Ageing process
- Co-morbidities (diabetes)
- Nutritional status
- BMI Extremes
- Medication
- Allergies
- Mobility & Activity
- Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy
- Psychosocial factors
- Psychological state
What are the 13 parameters of wound assessment?
- Type of wound
- Aetiology
- Mode of healing
- Duration of wound
- Location
- Dimension (L W D)
- Clinical appearance
- Wound edges
- Exudate
- Odour
- Surrounding skin
- Pain
- Allergies
What products have debriding properties?
Honey Hydrogel Hydrocolloid Hypertonic Sodium Chloride PHMB (prontosan) Cadexomer Iodine
Name 6 modes of healing
- Primary intention
- Secondary intention
- Delayed primary intention
- Skin grafts
- Flaps
- Bioengineered tissue
Five signs of infection
- Redness (erythema)
- Swelling (oedema)
- Pain
- Exudate
- Heat
What two products have anti-inflammatory properties?
- Silver
2. Iodine
What two products have haemostatic properties?
- Calcium Alginate
2. Honey
What product can NOT be used on a bleeding wound?
Hypertonic Sodium Chloride
What is the trade name for chlorhexadine impregnated tulle gras?
Bactigrass
What effect does NSAID have on wound healing?
Suppresses the inflammatory phase of healing by blocking prostaglandin synthesis
What effect does cytotoxic agents have on wound healing?
Affects rapidly replicating cells primarily epithelialising cells
What effect does corticosteroids have on wound healing?
- Suppress macrophages and collagen production
- impairs angiogenesis and epithelisation
- inhibit wound contraction
- lowers immune response
- increase susceptibility to infection
What effect does immunosuppressive drugs have on wound healing?
Reduce white cell activity resulting in impaired debris clearance
What effect does antibiotics have on wound healing?
- penicillin releases peniciliamine, preventing collagen cross-linking
- doxycycline reduces matrix metalloproteases and retard collagen degradation
What effect does nicotine have on wound healing?
- Reduces neutrophils, collagen, connective tissue synthesis, macrophage function, epithelialisation and vitamin C stores
- 6x increased risk of wound infection and dehiscence
What is the criteria for standard aseptic technique?
- Simple
- Less then 20 min in duration
- Involves small key parts and sites
- Minimal number of key parts
What is the criteria for surgical aseptic technique?
- Complex
- Longer then 20 min
- Large open key site
- Large/numerous key parts
Define primary intention mode of healing
Wound edges held in close apposition by either sutures, staples, adhesive taps or tissue glue.
Define delayed primary intention as a mode of healing
Infected wound that requires intensive cleaning prior to primary closure 3-7days
Define secondary intention as a mode of wound healing
Spontaneous wound healing occurs by an obvious process of granulation, contraction and epithelisation that results in scarring
Define what the 4 types of exudate indicate
- Serous: clear straw coloured
- Haemoserous: slight blood stained serious fluid
- Sanguineous: frank or heavily blood stained fluid
- Purulent: containing pus
What do rolled wound edges indicate?
Inhibit healing & epithelisation of sinus tracks or malignant changes
What do raised wound edges indicate?
Hypergrannulation or malignancy
What aspects of surroundings skin need to be assessed?
Cellulitis Oedema Induration Eczema Maceration Foreign bodies Contact dermatitis
What does pain indicate?
Disease process Trauma Surgery Infection Foreign bodies Poor dressing choice or products
What effect can infection have on a wound?
Dehiscence
Evisceration
Haemorrhage
Sepsis
What are 6 other signs of infection?
New, increased and altered pain
Delayed healing
Friable, bright red Hypergrannulation tissue
Pocketing or irregular deposition of granulation tissue
Bridging tissue
Increased or altered exudate
