dreaming

Question 1

whats the average sleep you get as a newborn, teenager, adult and elderly

Answer 1

newborns- 16-18
teenagers- 9-10
adult- 7-9
elderly- 6-7

Question 2

a) does everyone dream
b) how often
c) are dreams forgotten

Answer 2

yes everyone dreams
on average people dream 4-5 times a night
95% of dreams are forgotten

Question 3

facts about sleep cycle

Answer 3

throughout sleep we shift between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep

on average, we go through a cycle of NREM and REM every 90 minutes

the amount of time spent in REM sleep increases as the night progresses

Question 4

what happens during rem sleep

Answer 4

• eye movement is rapid
• heart and breathing rate fluctuate
• voluntary muscles (below the neck) are very relaxed
• brainwave activity measured by an EEG recordings is increased
• fast brainwaves - similar to when you are awake and thinking

Question 5

what happens during nrem sleep

Answer 5

• eye movement is slow
• heart and breathing rate are regular and slower than REM
• muscles are less relaxed
• slow and regular brainwaves

Question 6

when and where do dream occur

Answer 6

• occur at any time during sleep.

- 90% of dreaming occurs in REM sleep.

Question 7

nrem sleep dream facts

Answer 7

• NREM dreams are 10% less frequent
• tend to be brief, less intense, have little storyline
• more similar to waking thought patterns
• light sleepers, more anxious = more likely to dream in NREM

Question 8

three dream theories

Answer 8

• psychoanalytic dream theory
• problem- solving theory
• activation- synthesis theory

Question 9

psychoanalytic dream theory

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud (1900)
dreams have meaning!
- Freud believed that most of our wishes, desires and fantasies are hidden in our unconscious mind
- we cannot access the contents of our unconscious mind because they are protected by our ego
- mechanism we employ to stop ourselves from feeling negative emotions such as guilt and anxiety
but when we dream, our ego drops it defences and we can access the contents of our unconscious mind.

Question 10

problem- solving theory

Answer 10

the theory that the purpose of dreaming is to help us solve problems and cope with emotional issues

Question 11

activation- synthesis theory

Answer 11

dreams are meaningless and should not be subjected to interpretation

• dreams are meaningless
• during REM sleep, neurons are randomly activated.
• our brain attempts to understand and interpret these signals, using past experience, memories and knowledge
• creating bizarre and disjointed dreams that make little sense

Question 12

lucid dream

daydreams

Answer 12

LUCID DREAMING

• lucid dreaming is when you are able to control your dreams
• the potential benefits of lucid dreaming are for problem solving and preventing traumatic nightmares
• lucid dreams are more likely to happen in rem sleep as dreams are more complex

DAYDREAMING

• a third to a half of waking time is spent daydreaming
• the potential benefits of day dreaming are overcoming boredom and enhancing creativity

Question 13

manifest content

Answer 13

the storyline of a dream. What we can remember of our dreams, and the images we can describe to people when we share them with people.

Question 14

latent content

Answer 14

the dream’s hidden meaning. What the symbols actually mean