Dream of the Rood Flashcards
Hwæt! Ic swefna cyst secgan wylle,
hwæt me gemætte to midre nihte,
syðþan reordberend reste wunedon!
Listen! (1) I (2) want (6) to speak (5) of the best (4) of dreams, (3)
which (7) came (9) to (10) me (8) in the middle (11) of the night, (12)
when (13) speech-bearers (14) dwelt (16) in rest (15)
reordberend - Poetic language “speech-bearers”
þuhte me þæt ic gesawe syllicre treow
on lyft lædan, leohte bewunden,
beama beorhtost –>
It seemed (1) to me (2) that (3) I (4) saw (5) a wondrous (6) tree (7)
lifted (10) in (8) the air, (9) enveloped (12) by light, (11)
the brightest (14) of beams (13) –>
Eall þæt beacen wæs
begoten mid golde. Gimmas stodon
fægere æt foldan sceatum, swylce þær fife wæron
uppe on þam eaxlegespanne.
All (1) that (2) beacon (3) was (4)
covered (5) with (6) gold; (7) gems (8) stood (9)
fair (10) at (11) the earth’s (12) surface, (13) also (14) there (15) were (17) five (16)
up (18) on (19) the (20) shoulder-span (cross). (21)
“eaxlegespanne” - Hapax word + kenning “shoulder span”
Beheoldon þær engel dryhtnes ealle,
fægere þurh forðgesceaft.
There (2) all (5) beheld (1) the angel (3) of the Lord, (4)
fair (6) through (7) eternity. (8)
forðgesceaft - Poetic word - “creation”
Ne wæs ðær huru fracodes gealga,
ac hine þær beheoldon halige gastas,
men ofer moldan, ond eall þeos mære gesceaft
It was (2) not (1) there (3) indeed (4) a criminal’s (5) gallows, (6)
but (7) on him (8) there (9) gazed (10) holy (11) spirits, (12)
men (13) over (14) the earth, (15) and (16) all (17) this (18) glorious (19) creation. (20)
Syllic wæs se sigebeam, ond ic synnum fah,
forwunded mid wommum –>
Wondrous (1) was (2) that (3) victory-beam, (4) and (5) I (6) stained (8) by sins, (7)
wounded (9) with (10) blemishes. (11)
Geseah ic wuldres treow,
wædum geweorðode, wynnum scinan,
gegyred mid golde; gimmas hæfdon
bewrigene weorðlice wealdendes treow
I (2) saw (1) the glorious (3) tree, (4)
honoured (6) with garments, (5) shining (8) joyously, (7)
adorned (9) with (10) gold (11); gems (12) had (13)
covered (14) splendidly (15) the Lord’s (16) tree. (17)
Hwæðre ic þurh þæt gold ongytan meahte
earmra ærgewin, þæt hit ærest ongan
swætan on þa swiðran healfe. Eall ic wæs mid sorgum gedrefed,
However, (1) I, (2) through (3) that (4) gold, (5) was able (7) to perceive (6)
the ancient hostility (9) of wretched ones, (8) then (10) it (11) first (12) began (13)
to bleed (14) on (15) the (16) right (17) side (18). I (20) was (21) all (19) troubled (24) with (22) grief; (23)
ærgewin - Hapax word: “ancient hostility”
forht ic wæs for þære fægran gesyhðe. Geseah ic þæt fuse beacen
wendan wædum ond bleom; hwilum hit wæs mid wætan bestemed,
beswyled mid swates gange, hwilum mid since gegyrwed.
I (2) was (3) afraid (1) because (4) of that (5) fair (6) sight (7). I (9) saw (8) that (10) lively (11) beacon (12)
change (13) its coverings (14) and (15) colours (16); sometimes (17) it (18) was (19) drenched (22) with (20) moisture, (21)
soaked (23) with (24) the flow (26) of blood (25), sometimes (27) adorned (30) with (28) treasure. (29)
“Bestemed” - Poetic word “drenched”
Hwæðre ic þær licgende lange hwile
beheold hreowcearig hælendes treow,
oððæt ic gehyrde þæt hit hleoðrode.
Nevertheless, (1) I, (2) lying (4) there (3) a long (5) time (6)
gazed (7), sorrowful (8), at the Saviour’s (9) tree (10)
until (11-12) I (13) heard (14) that (15) it (16) spoke. (17)
Hreowcearig - poetic word - “sorrowful” (transferred epithet for the tree itself also)
Ongan þa word sprecan wudu selesta:
“þæt wæs geara iu, (ic þæt gyta geman),
þæt ic wæs aheawen holtes on ende,
astyred of stefne minum.
The best (6) tree (5) began (1) then (2) to speak (4) the words: (3)
“That (7) was (8) long ago (9-10): I (11) still (13) remember (14) that (12),
that (16) I (17) was (18) cut (19) from (21) the edge (22) of the forest, (20)
removed (23) from (24) my (26) root. (25)
Genaman me ðær strange feondas,
geworhton him þær to wæfersyne, heton me heora wergas hebban.
Bæron me ðær beornas on eaxlum, oððæt hie me on beorg asetton,
gefæst me þær feondas genoge.
Strong (4) enemies (5) seized (1) me (2) there, (3)
made (6) me there (8) into (9) a spectacle (10) for themselves, (7) commanded (11) me (12) to bear (15) their (13) criminals. (14)
Men (18) bore (15) me (16) there (17) on (19) their shoulders, (20) until (21-22) they (23) set (27) me (24) on (25) a hill; (26)
many (32) enemies (31) fastened (28) me (29) there (30)
“beornas” - poetic language - “man”
Geseah ic þa frean mancynnes
efstan elne mycle þæt he me wolde on gestigan.
I (2) saw (1) then (3) the Lord (4) of mankind (5)
hasten (6) with great (8) zeal (7), that (9) he (10) wished (12) to climb (14) upon (13) me (11)
“frean” - Poetic word - “lord” (Christ - Lord/Retainer bond)
“elne” - Poetic language - “great zeal”
þær ic þa ne dorste ofer dryhtnes word
bugan oððe berstan, þa ic bifian geseah
eorðan sceatas. Ealle ic mihte
feondas gefyllan, hwæðre ic fæste stod.
There (1) I (2) then (3) did not (4) dare, (5) against (6) the Lord’s (7) words, (8)
bow (9) or (10) break (11), when (12) I (13) saw (15) tremble (14)
the earth’s (16) surface. (17) I (19) was able (20)
to fell (22) all (18) the enemies, (21) however (23), I (24) stood (26) firmly (25)
Ongyrede hine þa geong hæleð, (þæt wæs god ælmihtig),
strang ond stiðmod. Gestah he on gealgan heanne,
modig on manigra gesyhðe, þa he wolde mancyn lysan.
The young (4) hero (5) stripped (1) himself (2) then (3) - that (6) was (7) God (8) Almighty (9),
strong (10) and (11) resolute (12) He (14) ascended (13) onto (15) the high (17) gallows (16)
brave (18) in (19) many’s (20) sight (21) when (22) he (23) wished (24) to release (26) mankind (25)
“Haeled” - mostly poetic word (man)
Bifode ic þa me se beorn ymbclypte. Ne dorste ic hwæðre bugan to eorðan,
feallan to foldan sceatum, ac ic sceolde fæste standan
I (2) trembled (1) when (3) the (5) man (6) embraced (7) me (4). I (10) dared (9) not (8) however (11), bow (12) to (13) earth (14)
fall (15) to (16) the earth’s (17) surface (18), but (19) I (20) had (21) to stand (23) fast (22)
Rod wæs ic aræred. Ahof ic ricne cyning,
heofona hlaford, hyldan me ne dorste.
I (3) was (2) raised (4) a rood (1). I (6) raised (5) the mighty (7) king (8)
the lord (10) of the heavens (9), I (12) dared (14) not (13) bow (11)
þurhdrifan hi me mid deorcan næglum. On me syndon þa dolg gesiene,
opene inwidhlemmas. Ne dorste ic hira nænigum sceððan.
They (2) pierced (1) me (3) with (4) dark (5) nails (6). On (7) me (8) are (9) the (10) wounds (11) visible (12)
open (13) malicious wounds (14). I (17) did not (15) dare (16) injure (20) any (19) of them (18)
“inwidhlemmas” - Hapax word - “malicious wound”
Bysmeredon hie unc butu ætgædere. Eall ic wæs mid blode bestemed,
begoten of þæs guman sidan, siððan he hæfde his gast onsended.
They (2) mocked (1) us (3) both (4) together (5). I (7) was (8) all (6) drenched (11) with (9) blood (10)
poured (12) from (13) the (14) man’s (15) side (16) after (17) he (18) had (19) sent forth (22) his (20) spirit (21)
“Bestemed” - Poetic word “drenched”
Feala ic on þam beorge gebiden hæbbe
wraðra wyrda. Geseah ic weruda god
þearle þenian. þystro hæfdon
bewrigen mid wolcnum wealdendes hræw,
scirne sciman, sceadu forðeode,
wann under wolcnum. Weop eal gesceaft,
cwiðdon cyninges fyll. Crist wæs on rode.
I (2) had (7) endured (6) on (3) that (4) hill (5) many (1)
cruel (8) events (9). I (11) saw (10) the Lord (13) of Hosts (12)
severely (14) stretched out (15). Darkness (16) had (17)
covered (18) with (19) cloud (20) the Lord’s (21) corpse (22)
its shining (23) splendour (24) a shadow (25) went forth (26)
dark (27) under (28) the sky (29). All (31) creation (32) wept (30)
they lamented (33) the King’s (34) fall (35). Christ (36) was (37) on (38) the cross (39)