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DRE > DRE General Terminology > Flashcards

DRE General Terminology Flashcards

Learn general terminology associated with drug impairment to help prepare for DRE School.

1
Q

POLYDRUG IMPAIRMENT

A

Being under the combined influence of two or more different drugs, which may be in the same or different categories.

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2
Q

ADDITIVE EFFECT

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction. For a particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produce an additive effect if they both affect the indicator in the same way. For example, cocaine elevates pulse rate and PCP also elevates pulse rate. The combination of Cocaine and PCP produces an additive effect on pulse rate.

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3
Q

REBOUND DILATION

A

A period of pupillary constriction followed by a period of pupillary dilation where the pupil steadily increases in size and the range between minimum and maximum is equal to or greater than 1mm and does not return to its original constricted size.

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4
Q

VERTICAL GAZE NYSTAGMUS (VGN)

A

An involuntary jerking of the eyes (up-and-down) which occurs as the eyes are held at maximum elevation. The jerking should be distinct and sustained.

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5
Q

MYDRIASIS

A

Abnormally large (dilated) pupils.

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6
Q

ANESTHETIC

A

A drug that produces a general or local insensibility to pain and other sensation.

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7
Q

MIOSIS

A

Abnormally small (constricted) pupils.

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8
Q

MEDICAL IMPAIRMENT

A

An opinion made by a DRE based on the evaluation that the condition of a suspected impaired driver is more likely related to a medical impairment that has affected the subject’s ability to operate a vehicle safely.

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9
Q

HASHISH

A

A form of cannabis made from the dried and pressed resin of a marijuana plant.

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10
Q

INSUFFLATION

A

One method of administering certain drugs. Snorting requires that the drug be in powdered form. The user rapidly draws the drug up into the nostril, usually via a paper or glass tube. Insufflation is also called “snorting”.

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11
Q

VOIR DIRE

A

A French expression literally meaning “to see, to say.” Loosely, this would be rendered in English as “To seek the truth,” or “to call it as you see it.” In a law or court context, one application of voir dire is to question a witness to assess his or her qualifications to be considered an expert in some matter pending before the court.

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12
Q

INHALANTS

A

One of the seven drug categories. The inhalants include volatile solvents (such as glue and gasoline), aerosols (such as hair spray and insecticides) and anesthetic gases (such as nitrous oxide).

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13
Q

SYNESTHESIA

A

A sensory perception disorder, in which an input via one sense is perceived by the brain as an input via another sense. In its simplest terms, it is the transposition of the senses. An example of this would be a person “hearing” a phone ring and “seeing” the sound as a flash of light. Synesthesia sometimes occurs with persons under the influence of hallucinogens.

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14
Q

PSYCHOPHYSICAL TESTS

A

Methods of investigating the mental (psycho-) and physical characteristics of a person suspected of alcohol or drug impairment. Most psychophysical tests employ the concept of divided attention to assess a suspect’s impairment.

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15
Q

PSYCHEDELIC

A

Inducing a mental state characterized by a profound sense of intensified or altered sensory perception sometimes accompanied by hallucinations.

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16
Q

HYDROXY THC

A

A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) that DOES have psychoactive effects.

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17
Q

DIVIDED ATTENTION

A

Concentrating on more than one thing at a time. The four psychophysical tests used by DREs require the suspect to divide their attention.

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18
Q

NYSTAGMUS

A

An involuntary jerking of the eyes.

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19
Q

STETHOSCOPE

A

A medical instrument used, for drug evaluation and classification purposes, to listen to the sounds produced by blood passing through an artery.

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20
Q

SYSTEMATIC

A

Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

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21
Q

ON THE NOD

A

A semi-conscious state of deep relaxation. Typically induced by impairment due to Heroin or other narcotic analgesics. The suspect’s eyelids droop, and chin rests on the chest. Suspect may appear to be asleep but can be easily aroused and will respond to questions.

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22
Q

DIACETYL MORPHINE

A

The chemical name for Heroin.

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23
Q

MARINOL

A

A drug containing a synthetic form of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Marinol belongs to the cannabis category of drugs, but Marinol is not produced from any species of cannabis plant.

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24
Q

PHENCYCLIDINE

A

A contraction of PHENYL CYCLOHEXYL PIPERIDINE, or PCP. Formerly used as a surgical anesthetic, however, it has no current legitimate medical use in humans.

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25
Q

LACK OF CONVERGENCE (LOC)

A

The inability of a person’s eyes to converge, or “cross” as the person attempts to focus on a stimulus as it is pushed slowly toward the bridge of his or her nose.

26
Q

CARBOXY THC

A

A metabolite of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) that is NOT psychoactive.

27
Q

NULL EFFECT

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction. For a particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produce a null effect if neither of them affects that indicator. For example, PCP does not affect pupil size, and alcohol does not affect pupil size. The combination of PCP and alcohol produces a null effect on pupil size.

28
Q

ACCOMMODATION REFLEX

A

The adjustment of the eyes for viewing at various distances. Meaning the pupils will automatically constrict as objects move closer and dilate as objects move further away.

29
Q

OVERLAPPING EFFECT

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction. For a particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produce an overlapping effect if one of them affects the indicator, but the other doesn’t. For example, cocaine dilates pupils while alcohol doesn’t affect pupil size. The combination of cocaine and alcohol produces an overlapping effect on pupil size: the combination will cause the pupils to dilate.

30
Q

HASH OIL

A

Sometimes referred to as “marijuana oil” it is a highly concentrated syrup-like oil extracted from marijuana. It is normally produced by soaking marijuana in a container of solvent, such as acetone or alcohol for several hours and after the solvent has evaporated, a thick syrup-like oil is produced with a high THC content.

31
Q

TRACKS / TRACK MARKS

A

Scar tissue usually produced by repeated injection of drugs, via hypodermic needle, along a segment of a vein.

32
Q

SCLERA

A

A dense white fibrous membrane that, with the cornea, forms the external covering of the eyeball (i.e., the white part of the eye).

33
Q

PSYCHOTOMIMETIC

A

Literally, “mimicking psychosis” or “impersonating insanity”. A drug is considered to be psychotomimetic if persons who are under the influence of the drug look and act insane while they are under the influence.

34
Q

DELIRIUM

A

A brief state characterized by incoherent excitement, confused speech, restlessness, and possible hallucinations.

35
Q

CYCLIC BEHAVIOR

A

A manifestation of impairment due to certain drugs, in which the person alternates between periods (or cycles) of intense agitation and relative calm. Cyclic behavior, for example, sometimes will be observed in persons under the influence of PCP.

36
Q

FLASHBACK

A

A vivid recollection of a portion of a hallucinogenic experience. Essentially, it is a very intense daydream. There are three types (1) emotional – feelings of panic, fear, etc.; (2) somatic – altered body sensations, tremors, dizziness, etc.; and (3) perceptual – distortions of vision, hearing, smell, etc.

37
Q

GAIT ATAXIA

A

An unsteady, staggering gait (walk) in which walking is uncoordinated and appears to be “not ordered.”

38
Q

METABOLITE

A

A chemical product formed by the reaction of a drug with oxygen and/or other substances in the body.

39
Q

PTOSIS

A

Droopy eyelids.

40
Q

PILOERECTION

A

Literally, “hair standing up”, or goose bumps. This condition of the skin is often observed in persons who are under the influence of LSD.

41
Q

MAJOR INDICATORS

A

Physiological signs that are specifically assessed and are, for the most part, involuntary reflecting the status of the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis (Physiological Indicators).

42
Q

CONVERGENCE

A

The “crossing” of the eyes that occurs when a person is able to focus on a stimulus as it is pushed slowly toward the bridge of their nose. (See, also, “Lack of Convergence”.)

43
Q

ANALGESIC

A

A drug that relieves or allays pain.

44
Q

ANALOG (of a drug)

A

A chemical that is very similar to the drug, both in terms of molecular structure and in terms of psychoactive effects. For example, the drug Ketamine is an analog of PCP.

45
Q

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT

A

One mechanism of polydrug interaction. For a particular indicator of impairment, two drugs produce an antagonistic effect if they affect the indicator in opposite ways. For example, Heroin constricts pupils while Cocaine dilates pupils. The combination of Heroin and Cocaine produces an antagonistic effect on pupil size. Depending on how much of each drug was taken, and on when they were taken, the suspect’s pupils could be constricted, dilated, or within the DRE Average range of pupil size.

46
Q

STANDARDIZED

A

Conforming to a model in comparative applications.

47
Q

ALKALOID

A

A chemical that is found in, and can be physically extracted from, some substance. For example, Morphine is a natural alkaloid of Opium. It does not require a chemical reaction to produce Morphine from Opium.

48
Q

BRUXISM

A

Grinding the teeth. This behavior is often seen in persons who are under the influence of CNS Stimulants.

49
Q

GENERAL INDICATOR

A

Behavior or observations of the subject that are observed and not specifically tested for. (Observational and Behavioral Indicators)

50
Q

PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX

A

The pupils of the eyes will constrict and dilate depending on changes in lighting.

51
Q

RESTING NYSTAGMUS

A

Jerking of the eyes as they look straight ahead.

52
Q

SINSEMILLA

A

The unpollinated female cannabis plant, with a relatively high concentration of THC.

53
Q

HALLUCINATION

A

A sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind, e.g., seeing, hearing, smelling, or feeling something that isn’t really there. Also, having a distorted sensory perception, so that things appear differently than they are.

54
Q

POLYCATEGORY IMPAIRMENT

A

Being under the combined influence of drugs from two or more drug categories.

55
Q

PUPILLARY UNREST

A

The continuous, irregular change in the size of the pupils that may be observed under room or steady light conditions.

56
Q

CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)

A

A written summary of a person’s education, training, experience, noteworthy achievements and other relevant information about a particular topic.

57
Q

PSYCHOTOGENIC

A

Literally, “creating psychosis” or “giving birth to insanity”. A drug is considered to be psychotogenic if persons who are under the influence of the drug become insane and remain so after the drug wears off.

58
Q

IMPAIRMENT

A

One of the several items used to describe the degradation of mental and/or physical abilities necessary for safely operating a vehicle.

59
Q

STROKE

A

A medical condition that occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or a burst and may cause observable signs and symptoms which may mimic drug and alcohol impairment.

60
Q

THERAPEUTIC DOSE

A

The amount of a drug needed to treat a disease or condition.

61
Q

CONJUNCTIVITIS

A

An inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids caused by infection, allergy, or outside factors. May be bacterial or viral. Persons suffering from conjunctivitis may show symptoms in one eye only. This condition is commonly referred to as “pink eye”, a condition that could be mistaken for the bloodshot eyes produced by alcohol or Cannabis.

62
Q

DRUG

A

Any substance that, when taken into the human body, can impair the ability of the person to operate a vehicle safely.

DRE (4 decks)

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