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DRE > DRE Anatomy & Physiology Terms > Flashcards

DRE Anatomy & Physiology Terms Flashcards

Learn key terms related to anatomy and physiology for DRE School.

1
Q

VOLUNTARY NERVE

A

A motor nerve that carries messages to a muscle that we consciously control.

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2
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

A

The skin and accessory structures, hair and nails. Functions include protection, maintenance of body temperature, excretion of waste, and sensory perceptions.

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3
Q

AXON

A

The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that sends out a neurotransmitter.

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4
Q

ARTERY

A

The strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

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5
Q

HYPOTENSION

A

Abnormally low blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypertension.

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6
Q

SYSTOLIC

A

The highest value of blood pressure. The blood pressure reaches its systolic value when the heart is fully contracted (systole), and blood is sent surging into the arteries.

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7
Q

DIASTOLIC

A

The lowest value of blood pressure. The blood pressure reaches its diastolic value when the heart is fully expanded, or relaxed (Diastole).

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8
Q

HYPERGLYCEMIA

A

Excess sugar in the blood.

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9
Q

BRADYCARDIA

A

Abnormally slow heart rate.

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10
Q

PALLOR

A

An abnormal paleness or lack of color in the skin.

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11
Q

HYPOTHERMIA

A

Decreased body temperature.

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12
Q

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

A

A system within the body consisting of the brain, the brain stem, and the spinal cord.

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13
Q

SYNAPSE (or Synaptic Gap)

A

The gap or space between two neurons (nerve cells).

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14
Q

DOWNSIDE EFFECT

A

An effect that may occur when the body reacts to the presence of a drug by producing hormones or neurotransmitters to counteract the effects of the drug consumed.

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15
Q

HYPOGLYCEMIA

A

An abnormal decrease of blood sugar levels.

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16
Q

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

A

The network of glands that do not have ducts and other structures. They secrete hormones into the blood stream to affect a number of functions in the body.

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17
Q

AFFERENT NERVES

A

Also called “Sensory Nerves.” Nerves that carry messages to the brain, from the various parts of the body, including notably the sense organs (eyes, ears, etc.). Sensory nerves are also known as afferent nerves.

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18
Q

SPHYGMOMANOMETER

A

A medical device used to measure blood pressure. It consists of an arm or leg cuff with an air bag attached to a tube and a bulb for pumping air into the bag, and a gauge for showing the amount of air pressure being pressed against the artery.

19
Q

NERVE

A

A cord-like fiber that carries messages either to or from the brain. For drug evaluation and classification purposes, a nerve can be pictured as a series of “wire-like” segments, with small spaces or gaps between the segments.

20
Q

HYPERTENSION

A

Abnormally high blood pressure. Do not confuse this with hypotension.

21
Q

HORMONES

A

Chemicals produced by the body’s endocrine system that are carried through the blood stream to the target organ. They exert great influence on the growth and development of the individual, and that aid in the regulation of numerous body processes.

22
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVE

A

A motor nerve that carries messages to the muscles and organs that we do not consciously control. There are two kinds of autonomic nerves, the sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves.

23
Q

PULSE RATE

A

The number of expansions of an artery per minute.

24
Q

PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS

A

Drugs that mimic neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nerves. These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce lower blood pressure, drowsiness, etc.

25
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTER

A

Chemicals that pass from the axon of one nerve cell to the dendrite of the next cell, and that carry messages across the gap between the two nerve cells.

26
Q

SYMPATHETIC NERVE

A

An autonomic nerve that commands the body to react in response to excitement, stress, fear, etc. The brain uses sympathetic nerves to send “wake up calls” and “fire alarms” to the muscles, tissues and organs.

27
Q

PHYSIOLOGY

A

Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or living matter and the physical and chemical phenomena involved.

28
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE

A

An autonomic nerve that commands the body to relax and to carry out tranquil activities. The brain uses parasympathetic nerves to send “at ease” commands to the muscles, tissues, and organs.

29
Q

HYPERTHERMIA

A

Increased body temperature.

30
Q

BLOOD PRESSURE

A

The force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure changes continuously, as the heart cycles between contraction and expansion.

31
Q

HOMEOSTASIS

A

Dynamic, self-regulating process by which the body maintains a balanced or constant state while adjusting to internal and external conditions.

32
Q

TOLERANCE

A

An adjustment of the drug user’s body and brain to the repeated presence of a drug. As tolerance develops, the user will experience diminishing psychoactive effects from the same dose of the drug. As a result, the user typically will steadily increase the dose he or she takes, in an effort to achieve the same psychoactive effect.

33
Q

PULSE

A

The rhythmic dilation and relaxation of an artery that results from the beating of the heart.

34
Q

ARRHYTHMIA

A

An abnormal heart rhythm.

35
Q

DENDRITE

A

The part of a neuron (nerve cell) that receives a neurotransmitter.

36
Q

VEIN

A

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart from the body tissues

37
Q

EFFERENT NERVES

A

Also called “Motor Nerves.” Nerves that carry messages away from the brain, to the body’s muscles, tissues, and organs. Motor nerves are also known as efferent nerves.

38
Q

WITHDRAWAL

A

This occurs in someone who is physically addicted to a drug when he or she is deprived of the drug. If the craving is sufficiently intense, the person may become extremely agitated, and even physically ill.

39
Q

NEURON

A

A nerve cell. The basic functional unit of a nerve. It contains a nucleus within a cell body with one or more axons and dendrites.

40
Q

BRADYPNEA

A

Abnormally slow rate of breathing.

41
Q

SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS

A

Drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nerves. These drugs artificially cause the transmission of messages that produce elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, etc.

42
Q

TACHYPNEA

A

Abnormally rapid rate of breathing.

43
Q

KOROTKOFF SOUNDS

A

A series of distinct sounds produced by blood passing through an artery, as the external pressure on the artery drops from the systolic value to the diastolic value.

44
Q

TACHYCARDIA

A

Abnormally rapid heart rate.

DRE (4 decks)

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