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Physical Geography > Drainage Basins > Flashcards

Drainage Basins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a river’s drainage basin?

A

Area surrounding river where rainfall on land flows into that river

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2
Q

What is the boundary of a drainage basin?

A

Watershed

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3
Q

What type of system are drainage basins?

A

Open - matter + energy is input + output

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4
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of a drainage basin?

A 
Input = precipitation
Output = evapotranspiration, river discharge
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5
Q

What are the 6 stores of the drainage basin?

A
  1. Interception
  2. Vegetation storage
  3. Surface storage
  4. Soil storage
  5. Groundwater storage
  6. Channel storage
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6
Q

What is interception?

A

When precipitation falls on structures e.g. leaves or buildings before reaching soil

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7
Q

Where does interception act as a large water storage?

A

Wooded areas

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8
Q

Why is interception storage temporary?

A

Collected water evaporates or flows as througfall

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9
Q

What is vegetation storage?

A

Water absorbed by plants - includes all water within a plant

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10
Q

What is surface storage?

A

Includes puddles, ponds and lakes

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11
Q

What is soil storage?

A

Moisture in soil

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12
Q

What is groundwater storage?

A

Water stored in ground - as soil moisture or in rocks

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13
Q

What is the water table?

A

Top surface of the zone of saturation - area where all pores in rock and soil are saturated

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14
Q

What are aquifers?

A

Porous rocks that hold water

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15
Q

What are 2 stores are part of groundwater storage?

A

Water table

Aquifers

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16
Q

What is channel storage?

A

Water held in river

17
Q

What are the 10 flows in a drainage basin?

A
  1. Inflitration
  2. Overland flow
  3. Throughfall
  4. Stemflow
  5. Throughflow
  6. Percolation
  7. Groundwater flow
  8. Baseflow
  9. Interflow
  10. Channel flow
18
Q

What is infiltration?

What is infiltration rate affected by?

A

Water soaking into soil

  1. Soil type
  2. Soil water content
  3. Soil structure
19
Q

What is overland flow? Why does it happen?

A

Water flowing over land

Occurs bc rainfall onto ground is faster than infiltration rate

20
Q

What is throughfall?

A

Water dripping from one leaf to another

21
Q

What is stemflow?

A

Water running down a plant stem

22
Q

What is throughflow?

A

Water slowly moving downhill through soil.

23
Q

What is percolation?

A

Water seeping down into water table

24
Q

What is groundwater flow?

A

Water flowing below water table through permeable rock

25
Q

What is baseflow?

A

Groundwater flow that feeds into rivers through river banks + beds

26
Q

What is interflow?

A

Water flowing downhill through permeable rock above water table

27
Q

What is channel flow?

A

Water flowing into river itself. Also known as river discharge.

28
Q

What are the 4 outputs of the drainage basin?

A
  1. Transpiration
  2. Evaporation
  3. Evapotranspiration
  4. River discharge
29
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Evaporation from within leaves

30
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Water turning into water vapour

31
Q

What is evapotranspiration?

A

Combo of transpiration and evaporation

32
Q

What does the Water Balance show?

A

Balance between inputs and outputs of drainage system

33
Q

What are the 3 reasons for why the Water Balance varies seasonally in the UK?

A
  1. Precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration in wet season - creates water surplus - ground stores fill with water - more surface runoff + higher discharge - river levels rise
  2. Precipitation lower than evapotranspiration in dry season - ground stores depleted - some water absorbed by plants + some water flows into river, but isn’t replaced by precipitation
  3. End of dry season = water deficit. Ground stores are depleted next wet season.

Physical Geography (17 decks)

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