Drainage Basins Flashcards
What are drainage basins?
Natural systems viewed as open local hydrological cycles
What is a rivers drainage basin?
The area surrounding the river where the rain falling on the land flows into the river?
What else can a rivers drainage basin be called?
Catchment area
What is the boundary of the drainage basin?
Watershed - Any precipitation falling beyond the watershed enters a different basin
What enters and leaves the system?
Water enters as precipitation and leaves via transpiration, evaporation and river discharge
What is an input of the system?
Precipitation
How is precipitation an input?
Includes all the ways moisture comes out of the atmosphere. It is mainly rain however can be snow, hail, dew and frost
What are the 6 types of stores?
- Interception
- Vegetation Storage
- Surface Storage
- Soil Storage
- Groundwater Storage
- Channel Storage
Explain Interception
When some precipitation lands on vegetation or other structures, like buildings, concrete or tarmac. It creates a significant store of water in wooded areas. Interception storage is only temporary because the collected water may evaporate quickly or fall from the leaves as through fall
Explain vegetation storage
Water that’s been taken up by plants. It’s all the water contained in plants at any 1 time
Explain surface storage
Includes water in puddles (depression storage), ponds and lakes
Explain soil storage
Includes moisture in the soil
Explain Groundwater storage
Water stored in the ground, in rocks or soil. The water table is top surface of the zone saturation. porous rocks that hold water are called aquifers
What is the zone of saturation
The zone of soil or rock where all the pores are full of water
What are porous rocks
Rocks with big holes in them
What is channel storage
Water held in a river or stream channel