Drainage Basin — Stores (Water store in the System)

Question 1

Define Interception

Answer 1

.When precipitation lands on vegetation or other structures getting intercepted before it reaches the soil

. This can be caused by structures (e.g. buildings, concrete, tarmac) or through vegetation (e.g. trees)

Question 2

Define Interception store

Answer 2

. Store of water on structures and buildings before it reaches the soil

. The more dense the vegetation the larger the interception store

. Additionally, broad leaves may intercept more than thin needle leaf trees due to a larger surface area

. Interception storage is only TEMPORARY (short - term storage)because the water collected may evaporate quickly or be absorbed. It could also fall from the leaves as THROUGHFALL.

Extra Details :

.Water could also then fall into the ground surface and infiltrate into the soil as be stored as soil storage. It can then be taken up by plants and be stored as vegetation storage

Question 3

Define Vegetation Storage

Answer 3

.Water that’s been take up by plants from the soil and stored.

.It’s refers to all the water contained by plants

Question 4

Define Surface Storage

Answer 4

. Refers to stores of water on the surface

. For example : puddles (type of depression storage), ponds and lakes

. This happens if rainfall intensity is greater than the infiltration rate. If the soil reaches its infiltration capacity, the soil will be saturated and water builds up on the surface as Surface storage

. Water usually disappears into the ground as infiltration is faster than precipitation. Water can only build up on the surface in : intense rainstorms, long periods on rain and impermeable surfaces

Question 5

Define Soil Storage

Answer 5

. Amount of water stored in soil

. Soil consists of particles with pore spaces between them. These pore spaces can be filled be water

. Amount of pores vary for different soils. Clay soil has more pores (more porous) than sand, so it has more water stored.

. The water is soil storage is utilised by plants

. Short - term shortage

Question 6

Define Groundwater Storage

Answer 6

. Water stored in the ground, either in the soil as soil moisture or in pores spaces of rocks

. Long - term storage

Question 7

Define Water table

Answer 7

. Top surface of the zone of saturation — zone of the soil or rock where all the pores in the soil or rock are completely saturated with water

Question 8

Define Zone of saturation

Answer 8

zone of the soil or rock where all the pores in the soil or rock are full of water

Question 9

Define aquifers

Answer 9

. Huge bodies of porous rock or sediment saturated with groundwater

Question 10

Define Channel Storage

Answer 10

The water held in a river or stream

. Short - term storage

Question 11

Define Infiltration capacity

Answer 11

. the maximum rate at which a soil and rock is capable of absorbing water

Question 12

Name the six stores

Answer 12

. Interception Storage
. Vegetation Storage
. Surface storage
. Soil storage
. Groundwater storage
. Channel storage

Question 13

Define Permeability

Answer 13

. Measure of how easy it is for fluids to flow between rocks

. Impermeable and permeable

Question 14

Define Porosity

Answer 14

. Measure of space between rocks

. Porous and non - porous

. An porous rock has holes, hence space in it that can hold water

. An non - porous rock has not got holes, hence no space it it and cannot hold water

Question 15

Examples of permeable rock

Answer 15

. Sandstone
. Chalk
. Gravel

Question 16

Examples of impermeable rock

Answer 16

. Slate
. Marble
. Granite

Question 17

Examples of porous rock

Answer 17

. Clay (NOT permeable)

. Sandstone

Question 18

Examples of non - porous rock

Answer 18

. Granite

Question 19

Is sand a rock or soil?

Answer 19

Type of Soil

Question 20

What happens to the stores in the drainage basin system as you go lower into the ground?

Answer 20

. Duration of storage increases

. Ground water can remain for a thousand years