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Intro To Clinical Nutrition > Dr Williams Stuff > Flashcards

Dr Williams Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Vit A

A

Fat-Soluble

Function
Visual pigments in retina
Differentiation of epithelial cells
Stored in liver and Adipose

Signs of def
Night blindness
Dry hair
Pruritis

Tox:
Peeling skin
Gingivitis
Alopecia

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2
Q

Vit D

A

Fat-Soluble

Function:
Calcium absorption and regulat

Deficiency:
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Muscle weakness

Tox:
Calcification
Kidney stones
HyperCa

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3
Q

Vit E

A

Fat-soluble

Function:
Antioxidant
Normal RBC function

Deficiency:
Muscle weakness
Hemolysis
Anemia

Tox:
Decreased platelet aggregation
Increased bleeding/bruising

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4
Q

Vit K

A

Fat-soluble

Function:
Synthesis of clotting factors

Dif:
Bleeding
Bruising
Hemorrhage of a newborn

Tox:
Jaundice

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5
Q

Vit B1

A

Thiamine, Water soluble

Function:
Nucleic acid synthesis
Carbo metabolism

Def:
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Tox:
Rare
Irritability
Headache

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6
Q

Vit B3

A

Niacin, Water soluble

Function:
Coenzyme in energy production

Def:
Pellagra (4Ds)
Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death

Tox:
Liver dmg (chronic high doses)
Flushing

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7
Q

Vit B6

A

Pyridoxine, water soluble

Function:
Synthesis of neurotransmitters
Synthesis of niacin from tryptophan
Hemoglobin synthesis and function

Def:
Microcytic anemia
Neuropathy
Seizures

Tox:
Neuropathy

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8
Q

Vit B9

A

Folic acid, Water soluble

Function:
Synthesis of methionine from homocysteine
RBC formation

Def:
  Macrocyclic anemia 
  Glossitis
  Stomatitis 
  Neural tube defects in infants

Tox:
None know
Mask b12 def

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9
Q

Vit B12

A

Cyanocobalamin, water soluble

Fun:
Nervous system cellular division and growth

Def: 
  Macrocyclic anemia 
  Glossitis 
  Peripheral neuropathy
  Focal neurological deficits

Tox:
None known

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10
Q

Vit C

A

Ascorbic Acid, water soluble

Fun: 
  Collagen synthesis 
  Norepinephrine synthesis 
  Carnitine synthesis 
  Antioxidant

Def:
Scurvy
Poor wound healing
Keratosis of hair follicles

Tox:
Kidney stones
Stomach cramping
Diarrhea

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11
Q

Chromium

A

Trace element

Fun:
Promotes normal function of insulin

Def:
Insulin resistance (hyperglycemia)
Increased LDL
Peripheral neuropathy

Tox:
None known

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12
Q

Iodine

A

Trace element

Fun:
Thyroid hormone

Def:
Goiter
Hypothyroidism

Tox:
Hyperthyroidism
Parotitis

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13
Q

Ideal body weight equ

A

Men
50 + 2.3(height in cm -60)

Women
45.5 + 2.3(height in cm -60)

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14
Q

Adjusted body weight equ

A

IBW + 0.4(ABW - IBW)

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15
Q

BMI classification and equation

A

Underweight = < 18.5

Normal = 18.6-25

Overweight = 25.1-29.9

Obese (Class I) = 30-35

Obese (Class II) = 35.1 - 40

Obese (Class III) = > 40

Weight (lbs) / height (inches)^2 x 703

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16
Q

Harris-Benedict Equation

A

Estimates BEE based on height, weight, age, sex

TEE adjustment for activity and stree

Overestimates BEE in modern pop
Underestimated BEE in hospitalized pts

NOT USED, only worked for people who were in the 1919s

17
Q

Muffling-St. Jeor Equation

A

Best for modern healthy population of people who are not crit ill or in the hospital

Works with obese people as well if they are not in the hospital and not CI

18
Q

Ireton-Jones Equation

A

Most accurate formula for crit ill pts

Can be used if they are obese and on a vent or not but its best for crit ill pts who are obese who are not on a vent

**if on vent and obese use penn state

19
Q

Penn State Equation

A

Most accurate formula fo crit ill obese patents who are ON A VENT!!

**pt must be obese and on a vent to use this one in those cases its the best

20
Q

What percent do fats make up of a diet for a person

A

Should be around 30% of TEE

21
Q

What are red flags for nutrition screening

A

Intake history
Diarrhea (>500 mL in 2 days)
Vomiting (> 5 days)
Reduced intake (<50% of normal for 5 days)

IBW less than 80%

Weight history (losing weight for unknown cause)
1 week - 1-2 % for sig, >2 for severe
1 month - 5% for sig, > 5 for severe
3 months - 7.5% for sig, >7.5% for severe
6 months - 10% for sig, >10% for severe

22
Q

What is the treatment and prevention that should be done for patients at risk of refeeding syndrome?

A

At risk if you have inadequate nutrition for more than 7 days
Could be from N/V, alcoholism, malabsorption, bariatric surgery, wasting

Treatment/prevention

  1. Give electrolytes before nutrition
  2. Start at 50% carbo goal
  3. Give electrolytes PRN and closely monitor
23
Q

What are the USDA guidelines for Americans in term of added sugars, fats and sodium?

A

Added sugars should be less than 10% of daily calories

Saturated and trans fat less than 10% of daily calories

Sodium should be under 2,300mg/day

24
Q

What is the USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans say about physical activity?

A

Adults = 150 minutes a week with 2 days for muscle building

Children between 6-17 = at least 60 minutes per day

Intro To Clinical Nutrition (2 decks)

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