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FHDM: Unit 1 - Childhood Dehydration > Dr. Paul- Histology of Epithelium & Glands > Flashcards

Dr. Paul- Histology of Epithelium & Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What does epithelium refer to

A

❖ Diverse Group of Tissues that forms the Outer Layer of Body Surfaces

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2
Q

What germ layers is the epithelium derived from

A

❖ Derived from all Germ Cell Layers:-Ectoderm, Endoderm and Mesoderm

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3
Q

What are the 2 broad types of epithelia

A
  1. Surface Epithelia 2. Glandular Epithelia
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4
Q

Where is surface epithelia found?

A

Covers external surfaces of the body (e.g. Skin) ❖

Line body cavities (Pleural, Peritoneal, and Pericardial cavities) They Line “Body Tubes” (Digestive, Respiratory, and Urogenital Tracts)

❖ They Line Vascular Channels (Blood Vessels and the Heart)

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5
Q

Describe glandular epithelia

A

❖ Forms the secreting surface of Glands and their Ducts

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6
Q

What are the 3 morphological characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

Squamous

cuboidal

columnar

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7
Q

what are special features of cuboidal cells

A

microvilli

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8
Q

are columnar cells stratified

A

yes

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9
Q

where is squamous cells found

A

Peritoneum, vascular endothelium

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10
Q

What kind of tissue is found in the gallbladder

A

columnar

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11
Q

What kind of cells are found in the small intestines

A

columnar

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12
Q

what kind of cells are found in the respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified columnar

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13
Q

A region has columnar shaped cells with goblet cells, where is this located

A

small and large intestines

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14
Q

a region has columnar cells with sterocilia where is this located

A

vas defrens

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15
Q

a region has cuboidal cells with microvilli, where is this region

A

proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney

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16
Q

where is stratified transitional epithelium found

A

bladder

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17
Q

where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found

A

exocrine glands of ducts

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18
Q

what kind of cells are found in the oral cavity

A

stratified squamous

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19
Q

What kind of cells is this? Where is it found ? Name 2 special features

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Found in the Small and Large Intestine, as well as in Gall bladder

✓ Special Features: Goblet cells, nuclei, microvilli

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20
Q

What kind of epithelia is this? Where is it at? What is a key feature? What is its function?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Key Feature: Goblet cells, found only in the pseudostratified columnar epithelium and simple columnar epithelium

Location: This is a Respiratory Type Epithelium

Function: plays a role in the Movement of Mucous and Secretion 10

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21
Q

This is a goblet cell. Where are the 2 places they are found?

A

Goblet Cell is a Modified Columnar Epithelial Cells, Synthesizes and Secrete Mucus onto the surface of the Epithelium

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22
Q

What is that top area called?

A

Goblet Cell

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23
Q

What are the 2 types of psudostratified columnar epithelium

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Male reproductive Type
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24
Q

What kind of epithelia is this

A

Psudostratified columnar Epithelia

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25
Q

What kind of cells is this ? In the Respiratory Epithelium

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium, Respiratory Epithelium

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26
Q

What is the function of psudeostratified columnar epithelium

A

5) Functionally, Plays a role in the Movement of Mucous and Secretion

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27
Q

What kind of cell is this? Where is it found? What is the function?

A

Transitional epithelium

Location: Found in the Lining of the Urinary Bladder and the Ureter

Function: Specialized for stretching and retraction

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28
Q

What kind of cell is this? Whats the difference between the first and second picture? What is the function?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Functional: protects from Abrasion and Infection

Types:

1.Non-Keratinized: -Surface cells are viable -Common on wet surfaces [e.g. Oral cavity and esophagus.]

2. Keratinized: -Surface cells have accumulated keratin, lost their nuclei. Seen on exposed surfaces e.g. Epidermis.

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29
Q

What kind of cell is this? Where is it found?

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Location: Found in the Ducts of Sweat Glands, Salivary glands and Pancreas

30
Q

What kind of cells are found in sweat glands

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium are found in the Duct of Sweat Glands

31
Q

What kind of cell is this? Where is it found? Function ?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Location: Found in the Air Sacs of the Lungs and the Lining of the Heart, Blood Vessels and Lymphatic Vessels

Function: This type of Epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion

32
Q

What kind of cell is linning the blood vessels lungs, air sacks and aveioli

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

33
Q

What kind of cell is this? Where is it found?

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Location Found on the Surface of Ovaries, the Lining of Nephrons, the Walls of the Renal Tubules, and Parts of the Eye and Thyroid

Function: On these surfaces, these cells Perform Secretion and Absorption

34
Q

What kind of cell is this

1) Squarish Cells with round nuclei in a single row, usually arranged in a circle(tubule) 2) One nucleus per cell and the nuclei are big
3) Can be found: In the Sweat Glands, Thyroid Gland, and in the Kidney Tubules
4) Functionally, plays a role in Absorption and Secretion

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

35
Q

What kind of cell is this

1) Small, flat cells arranged around large, empty circles. Good examples are Mesentery, Bowman’s CapsulSimple Squamous Epitheliume with the Urinary space Lined by Simple Squamous Epithelial Cells
2) Multiple cells and nuclei
3) Nuclei are an important feature
4) Can be found: Lining Blood Vessels, Lungs ( Air Sacs and Alveoli)
5) Functionally, important in diffusion (gas exchange)
6) Consists of Two Sheets of Simple Squamous Cells separated by Connective Tissue, (also called Mesothelial Cells)

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

36
Q

What kind of cell is this?

1) 2 Layers of Cells
2) Features: Basal Cells are typically Cuboidal with Surface Cells either Cuboidal or Columnar
3) Can be found in these areas: Duct of Sweat Glands, Salivary Glands, and Pancreas

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

37
Q

What kind of cell is this?

1) Many Layers (6 or more) of Small, Flattened Cells.

The only other epithelial tissue with so many layers is the transitional.

The stratified squamous tissue has a more evenly contoured surface, with the uppermost layers of cells flattened

2) Note: Goblet Cells, found only in the Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium and Simple Columnar Epithelium
3) Features: Nuclei, if evident
4) Can be found: Lining Mouth and Esophagus
5) Functionally, protects from Abrasion and Infection

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (with or without keratin)

38
Q

What is the function of basal lamina

A

It provides support to the overlying epithelium, limits contact between epithelial cells and the other cell types in the tissue

Also acts as a filter allowing only water and small molecules to pass through.

39
Q

What are the 3 molecular compositions of the basal lamina

A
  1. Collagen Type IV - Forms a Meshwork that gives the lamina densa its strength
  2. Proteoglycans - Large sugar molecules responsible for the Permeability of the Basal Lamina
  3. LAMININ- High Molecular Weight Proteins of the Extracellular Matrix, and a major part of the Basal Lamina []
40
Q

What is the function of the basal lamina

A

It provides support to the overlying epithelium, limits contact between epithelial cells and the other cell types in the tissue

41
Q

Describe the intercellular structure of laminin

A
  1. Large glycoprotein comprised of 3 polypeptide chains

Has specific binding domains for : collagen type iv and heparin sulfate PG.

  1. Serves as integrin receptors in the epithelial cell membrane
  2. Attaches the epithelium to the basal lamina
42
Q

What are junctional complexes

A

They Attach Adjacent Cells to one Another, so that Epithelial Cell Sheet Maintains its Coherency despite Physical Stress

43
Q

What are the 3 kinds of junctional complexes

A

Zonula Occludens or Tight Junction:

-[Prevent or Limit passage of molecules or ions between adjacent cells]

Zonula Adherens: [Adhering junctions, Belt-like junctions that makes cells adhere to one another]

Macula Adherens or Desmosome: [Stronger than zonula adherens, helps to resist shearing forces]

44
Q

What are the 3 ways to modify apical surfaces

A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Stereocilia
  3. Cilia
45
Q

what side are microvili located on ? What is the function? Where are they located?

A

❖ Finger-like Projections from Apical Surface

Greatly increase surface area for absorption

❖ At LM level, visible only where they are most prominent- [Striated Border in Small Intestine]

46
Q

Where are the 2 locations that sterocilla are found? What are thier function in each of these locations? What do stereocilla look like?

A

Stereocilia are very long Microvilli (5-25µm long)

➢ Found in Two Locations:

  1. -Sensory Cells of the Ear: - Play a role in signal transduction
  2. -Ductus Epididymis:- Facilitates absorption
47
Q

Where are cillia found? Name 2 locations where stereocilla are found

A

on the apical surface.

  • Commonly found in [e.g. Trachea and Bronchi]
48
Q

Are cillia motile

A

yes

49
Q

Glands are mere invaginations of ________ formed during embryonic development

A

Glands are mere invaginations of Epithelial Surfaces formed during embryonic development

50
Q

Much of the Gastrointestinal Tract contains what kind of Epithelium

A

Much of the Gastrointestinal Tract contains Glandular Epithelium

51
Q

What is the function of glands

A

They Synthesizes Macromolecules such as Hormones for release into the bloodstream

52
Q

What are the 2 kinds of glands?

A

Endocrine Gland or Ductless Gland: Secretes into internal epithelial surface inside the body

▪ Exocrine Glands: Secretes onto external epithelial surface via a Duct System

53
Q

Which kind of ducts are there?

A

Endocrine Gland are Ductless Gland

54
Q

What is this

A

Sweat gland

55
Q

What are the 6 kinds of glands

A
  1. Simple Tubular Gland
  2. Simple Branched Tubular Glands
  3. Simple Acinar Glands
  4. Simple Branched Acinar Glands
  5. Compound Acinar Glands
  6. Compound Tubulo-Acinar Glands
56
Q

What type of gland is this? Give one example

A

simple tubular

sweat gland

57
Q

What kind of gland is this? Give an example of a region where this is found

A

Simple branched tubular. Example; Stomach Has simple branched tubular glands

58
Q

what kind of gland is this? Give an example

A

simple acinar . Its found in the urethra

59
Q

What kind of gland is this? Where is it found

A

Simple Branched Acinar Glands

Example: Sebaceous Glands: Cells that produce Sebum, whose duct is formed by stratified epithelium. Located at the base of skin hair follicles

60
Q

What kind of gland is this? Where is this gland found?

A
  1. Compound Acinar Glands

Urethra. Has simple acinar glands

61
Q

Where is this gland found. Give an example

A

Simple Branched Acinar Glands

Example:Sebaceous Glands: Cells that produce Sebum, whose duct is formed by stratified epithelium. Located at the base of skin hair follicles

62
Q

Where is this gland found . Give an example

A

Compound Tubulo-Acinar Glands

Pancreas: The minute duct drains into a System of Excretory Duct of Varying Diameter

63
Q

What type of gland is this? Give an example

A

Compound Tubulo-Acinar Glands

Submandibular Gland: It has Two Types of Secretory Cells:

1. Serous Producing Cells-Protein Rich

2. Mucous Producing Cells-Protein Poor

64
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer ? What does it look like?

A

❖ Basal-Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. Often appears as a painless raised area of skin, which may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it

65
Q

What is the most common cause of basal cell carcinoma ? Where is most commonly found?

A

Basal Cell Carcinomas are thought to be caused by Long-Term Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation from Sunlight

❖ The area most commonly affected are the Head and Neck

66
Q

What is this ?

A

Squamous Cell Cancer (SCC), is a type of skin cancer that begins in the Squamous Cells. Squamous cells are the thin, flat cells that make up the epidermis.

67
Q

What is the second most common form of skin cancer

A

Squamous Cell Cancer (SCC)

68
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma is caused by uncontrolled growth of what kind of cells?

A

This form of cancer is secondary to uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising from the Squamous Cells in the epidermis

69
Q

What is sweat gland cancer called? Describe the prognosis

A

Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare Sweat Gland Tumor of the Skin, of which you may have both Apocrine and Eccrine Variants.

✓ These tumors have aggressive course, with eventual distant metastasis to Lymph Nodes, Bones, and Lungs

70
Q
A

FHDM: Unit 1 - Childhood Dehydration (4 decks)

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