Dr. Newman Vaccines Flashcards
What are some examples of Conjugated Vaccines (7)
– Meningococcal – Pneumococcal – Haemophilus Influenzae B – Hepatitis B – Influenza (injection) – Human papilloma virus (HPV) – Pertussis
What are some examples of Nonconjugate, inactivated or killed vaccines (3)?
– Hepatitis A
– Polio (injection)
– Rabies
What are some examples of Live, attenuated vaccines (5)?
Note Dr. N said commit these to memory!
– Measles-mumps-rubella – Varicella – Rotavirus – Influenza (nasal spray) – Zoster (shingles) for adults
What are some examples of Toxoid vaccines? (2)
– Tetanus
– Diphtheria
As a baby what happens with Flu vaccine?
You get two doses as a baby (2 A’s and 2 ‘s in each dose)
Describe a toxoid or subunit vaccines.
Comprise small amounts of inactivated toxins/components that will generate the most robust immune response
What are conjugate vaccines useful for?
• T-cell-dependent immunity to polysaccharides is triggered
How are live attenuated vaccines made?
By weakening the microbe in a lab
Why create a conjugate vaccine?
The bacterial polysaccharide alone is not enough to elicit a response in children, so you attach it to a Protein (capsular or outer-membrane
proteins) so it is strong enough to elicit a response
Who do we give influnaza vaccines perferentially?
children and elderly most susceptible
Why should we give all these vaccines? 2 reasons
- Herd immunity:
Protect the people who cannot get the vaccine b/c of access or health by getting everyone who can to be vaccinated to the point that the risk of the infection to the population is little to none; changes for each vaccine what % of pop. requires vaccine - Individual immunity
You are protected, older times hurt your income to be sick etc.
What is the major resource for pediatric diseases?
The Red Book
What were 5 other resources mentioned by Dr. Newman?
–CDC
–ACIP Advisory Comittee on Immune Practrices
– AAP American Association of Pediatrics
– AAFP American Association of Family Physicians
–CDC Vaccine Schedule APP (VCDC)
What are the 4 myths mentioned?
- MMR causes autism
- People with egg allergy cannot get the influenza vaccine
- The vaccines cause the disease
- Vaccines do not work
What are the general recommendations Dr. N wants us to know?
birth-24months is an extremely busy period of time for vaccinations.
Booster vaccines given between 4yrs-6yrs of age. Meningococcal and HPV vaccines are given to older children.
Influenza, how often is it given? What two phenomenoms is it associated with? What two classifications are there?
Yearly Both A and B
Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift
Inactivated vaccine and live attenuated vaccine
At what ages are you given Menengiococal vaccine?
Why do you get a different vaccine when your older?
Given at an older age 11 and 16
Given a second round for type B strain since it is more prevalent at this age
What is the most common cause of pneumonia or ear infections?
Pneumococcus
What can you do with pneumonoccal vaccine for high risk patients?
For high risk patients you can give a Non-Conjugated Vaccine
Special conditions Chronic Lung Disease, Sickle Cell Disease
Why would you want to protect people who are older and have sickle cell?
Auto-splenectomy
Hemomophilus influenza Type B is given in how many doses?
3-4 doses; Conjugated Vaccine
How are Inactivated/killed vaccines made?
– Organism is carefully killed (thermally or chemically)
– Immunogenicity is retained
How do you give vircella and MMR
Give them separately the first time, as a Booster give together
Why give a live attenuated vaccine?
It provides Stronger mucusal immunity this is how many of these organisms are transferred
