Dr. Newman Vaccines

Question 1

What are some examples of Conjugated Vaccines (7)

Answer 1

– Meningococcal
– Pneumococcal
– Haemophilus Influenzae B
– Hepatitis B
– Influenza (injection)
– Human papilloma virus (HPV)
– Pertussis

Question 2

What are some examples of Nonconjugate, inactivated or killed vaccines (3)?

Answer 2

– Hepatitis A
– Polio (injection)
– Rabies

Question 3

What are some examples of Live, attenuated vaccines (5)?

Note Dr. N said commit these to memory!

Answer 3

– Measles-mumps-rubella
– Varicella
– Rotavirus
– Influenza (nasal spray)
– Zoster (shingles) for adults

Question 4

What are some examples of Toxoid vaccines? (2)

Answer 4

– Tetanus

– Diphtheria

Question 5

As a baby what happens with Flu vaccine?

Answer 5

You get two doses as a baby (2 A’s and 2 ‘s in each dose)

Question 6

Describe a toxoid or subunit vaccines.

Answer 6

Comprise small amounts of inactivated toxins/components that will generate the most robust immune response

Question 7

What are conjugate vaccines useful for?

Answer 7

• T-cell-dependent immunity to polysaccharides is triggered

Question 8

How are live attenuated vaccines made?

Answer 8

By weakening the microbe in a lab

Question 9

Why create a conjugate vaccine?

Answer 9

The bacterial polysaccharide alone is not enough to elicit a response in children, so you attach it to a Protein (capsular or outer-membrane
proteins) so it is strong enough to elicit a response

Question 10

Who do we give influnaza vaccines perferentially?

Answer 10

children and elderly most susceptible

Question 11

Why should we give all these vaccines? 2 reasons

Answer 11

1. Herd immunity:
   Protect the people who cannot get the vaccine b/c of access or health by getting everyone who can to be vaccinated to the point that the risk of the infection to the population is little to none; changes for each vaccine what % of pop. requires vaccine
2. Individual immunity
   You are protected, older times hurt your income to be sick etc.

Question 12

What is the major resource for pediatric diseases?

Answer 12

The Red Book

Question 13

What were 5 other resources mentioned by Dr. Newman?

Answer 13

–CDC
–ACIP Advisory Comittee on Immune Practrices
– AAP American Association of Pediatrics
– AAFP American Association of Family Physicians
–CDC Vaccine Schedule APP (VCDC)

Question 14

What are the 4 myths mentioned?

Answer 14

• MMR causes autism
• People with egg allergy cannot get the influenza vaccine
• The vaccines cause the disease
• Vaccines do not work

Question 15

What are the general recommendations Dr. N wants us to know?

Answer 15

birth-24months is an extremely busy period of time for vaccinations.
Booster vaccines given between 4yrs-6yrs of age. Meningococcal and HPV vaccines are given to older children.

Question 16

Influenza, how often is it given? What two phenomenoms is it associated with? What two classifications are there?

Answer 16

Yearly Both A and B
Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift
Inactivated vaccine and live attenuated vaccine

Question 17

At what ages are you given Menengiococal vaccine?

Why do you get a different vaccine when your older?

Answer 17

Given at an older age 11 and 16

Given a second round for type B strain since it is more prevalent at this age

Question 18

What is the most common cause of pneumonia or ear infections?

Answer 18

Pneumococcus

Question 19

What can you do with pneumonoccal vaccine for high risk patients?

Answer 19

For high risk patients you can give a Non-Conjugated Vaccine
Special conditions Chronic Lung Disease, Sickle Cell Disease

Question 20

Why would you want to protect people who are older and have sickle cell?

Answer 20

Auto-splenectomy

Question 21

Hemomophilus influenza Type B is given in how many doses?

Answer 21

3-4 doses; Conjugated Vaccine

Question 22

How are Inactivated/killed vaccines made?

Answer 22

– Organism is carefully killed (thermally or chemically)

– Immunogenicity is retained

Question 23

How do you give vircella and MMR

Answer 23

Give them separately the first time, as a Booster give together

Question 24

Why give a live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 24

It provides Stronger mucusal immunity this is how many of these organisms are transferred

Question 25

Who cannot be given live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 25

Do not give if patient is immunocompromised or if they were given blood products within the last 11 months