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Biochemistry - Exam 2 > Dr. Mokrzan SG > Flashcards

Dr. Mokrzan SG Flashcards

1
Q

complex network of macromolecules in the extracellular space

secreted by the cells which inhabit it

A

ECM

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2
Q

gives structural and organizational support to tissues, makes up a substantial part of tissue volume

A

ECM

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3
Q

Collagen is _%of total body protein, and 90% of it is __

A

30% total body protein

90% of it is collagen Type I

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4
Q

structure of collagen? strengthened and stabilized by __

A

triple-helical structure

stabilized by crosslinks

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5
Q

Fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens

A

fibrillar = type I,II,II,V,XI

nonfibrillar = type IV, FACIT

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6
Q

Collagen is frequently remodeled, and synthesis is affected by physiologic conditions such

A

as diet or mechanical stress

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7
Q

Osteogenesis/dentogenesis imperfecta is the result of a genetic mutation that causes the __in Type I collagen to be replaced by another amino acid

A

glycine

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8
Q

provides flexibility and resilience to the ECM

A

elastin

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9
Q

Predominant ECM molecule in blood vessels

A

elastin

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10
Q

elastin is Stabilized by

A

two-way crosslinks

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11
Q

Not synthesized after adolescence

A

elastin

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12
Q

facilitates communication between intracellular and extracellular compartments

A

fibronectin

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13
Q

fibronectin binds to __molecules on cells

A

integrin

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14
Q

Important for cell adhesion, growth, migration, and wound healing

A

fibronectin

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15
Q

soluble and insoluble forms of __ interact with oral pathogens

A

fibronectin

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16
Q

found primarily in basal lamina, Gives structural support to the ECM

A

laminin

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17
Q

Major component of basement membranes in epithelial and muscle tissues

Binds to cells, often through the integrin family of proteins

A

laminin

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18
Q

the gel-formers of the ECM

A

proteoglycans

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19
Q

Have many negative charges, which attract cations and water. The result is hydration of the ECM, which provides rigidity and durability.

A

proteoglycans

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20
Q

Proteoglycans are __% of ECM protein, but because of their hydrophilicity, __ chains fill most of the extracellular space

A

<10%

GAG

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21
Q

the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage, proteoglycans join to form _

A

aggrecan

22
Q

•muscular dystrophies•lethal skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa•defects of kidney filter

A

laminin defects

23
Q
  • Structure of molecules, diversity
  • Can also bind growth factors, regulate enzyme activity, and act as co-receptors
  • Lysosomal storage diseases
A

proteoglycans

24
Q

Specialized regions where cells are attached to each other and the ECM

A

cell junctions

25
Q

__ tissues are particularly rich in cellular junctions

A

epithelial tissues

26
Q

Cell-cell junctions found in all epithelia.
Severely limit intercellular permeability and maintain cell membrane polarity (different protein components of apical and basolateral membranes)

A

tight junctions

27
Q

Formed by sealing strands anchored in the membrane

Required for active transport of solutes across the epithelial barrier

A

tight junctions

28
Q

junctions are impermeable to macromolecules, but permeability to small molecules varies greatly, depending on the number of sealing strands and the different transmembrane proteins (occludin and claudin families) that comprise them.

A

tight junctions

29
Q

Bind cells to each other and to the ECM. They are found in all tissues, especially those subject to mechanical stress.

A

anchoring junctions

30
Q

Cell-cell junction found primarily in epithelia

Form a continuous adhesion belt just below the tight junction

A

adherens junctions

31
Q

adherens junctions transmembrane proteins are __

A

cadherins

32
Q

Connect bundles of actin filaments – contractile

A

adherens junctions

33
Q

Necessary for tight junction formation and epithelial tube formation in morphogenesis

A

adherens junctions

34
Q
  • Cell-cell junctions that “rivet” cells together
  • Found primarily in epithelia and muscle cells
  • Contribute to tissue strength and durability
  • Transmembrane proteins are cadherins
A

desmosomes

35
Q
  • bind cells to the ECM
  • Transmembrane adhesion proteins are the integrins
  • Attach the junctional epithelium to the tooth enamel
A

hemidesmosomes

36
Q

spot-type junctions that link the cell cytoskeleton to the ECM
• Can contain as many as 100 different proteins

A

focal adhesions

37
Q

• Dynamic: they can form, change, or disappear in response to intracellular or extracellular signals

A

focal adhesions

38
Q

focal adhesions transmit external mechanical signsl via __ receptors

A

integrin

39
Q

Important in cell migration, motility, differentiation, proliferation, and orthodontic tooth movement

A

focal adhesions

40
Q

communicating junctions found in nearly all cells except skeletal muscle and blood cells

A

gap junctions

41
Q

Gap junction permeability can be regulated by both

A

intra- and extra-cellular signals

42
Q

Allow the cells of a given tissue to function together quickly and in a coordinated fashion

A

gap junctions

43
Q

gap junction Channels, called __, are hexamers of connexin proteins

A

connexons

44
Q

FACIT

A

fibril associated collagens with interrupted triple helices

45
Q

tight junctions are only found in

A

epithelial tissues

46
Q

hemidesmosomes are missing integrins

A

periodontal disease

47
Q

joins an actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in a neightboring cell

A

adherens junx

48
Q

joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to those in a neighbor

A

desmosome

49
Q

allows the passage of small watersoluble ions and molecules

A

gap junx

50
Q

anchors intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina

A

hemidesomsome

Biochemistry - Exam 2 (3 decks)

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