Dr. Eames Lectures Flashcards
What are the basics of cell signal transduction?
- ) ligand(signal)
- ) receptor(receive signal)
- ) intracellular signal cascade(interpret signal)
- ) action (slow or fast)
- ) open to modulation
Endocrine signalling
a long distant mode of cell signalling. where endocrine cells secrete hormones that are carried through the circulation to act on distant target cells.
paracrine signalling
a short-distance mode of cell signalling in which a molecule released by one cell acts on local target cells.
What is an example of a paracrine ligand?
Nitric oxide
what is an example of a endocrine ligand?
steroid hormones
cAMP and PKA and can regulate___?
transcription
what does acetylcholine do?
acetylcholine binds to a ligand gated ion channel in nerve cells and skeletal muscle, causing depolarization
however, heart muscle has a G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor, which results in cAMP production
epinephrin
Epinephrine binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, activating G protein alpha subunit…which then activates adenylyl cyclase…which then converts ATP to cAMP…
what are the three molecules produced from PIP2?
DAG, IP3 and PIP3
How does calcium enter the cell?
- Ca2+ enters cytosol through voltage-gated channels upon depolarization from the RER
- voltage gated calcium channels from plasma membrane.
AKT can regulate cell survival through ________?
Foxo inhibition. Foxo’s are a conserved family of stress response proteins that are pro-apoptotic- Akt activation can shift resources from apoptosis (or cell repair and maintenance) to cell growth and division
.
Akt activation affects programs of:
- cell survival
- Cell metabolism
- Protein synthesis
The mTOR complex regulates _________ in response to nutrient availability
translation
