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msk > Dr. E lower limb > Flashcards

Dr. E lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

unique componenet of scaroiliac jt =

A

its 2 types of jts
1. snynovial jt = antero-inferiorly
2. syndesmosis jt = posterior-superiorly

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2
Q

tibia is = (Weight/non-weight bearing )

A

TIBIA = WEIGHT bearing

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3
Q

fibula = non-weight/weight bearing

A

fibula = NON weight-bearing

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4
Q

pattella = ___ bone

A

sesamoid bone

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5
Q

tibia = medial malleous
fibula = lateral malleolus

A

t

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6
Q

which membrane connects fibula and tibia

A

interosseous mem.

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7
Q

which is the only bone that connects with leg bones

A

TALUS

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8
Q

which foot bone = transmits most of the body weight from talus to ground

A

calcaneus (heel bone)

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9
Q

which foot bone has the tuberosity of navicular and if too prominent -> press against medial part of shoe = pain

A

navicular

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10
Q

shelf projects from the medial calcaneus

A

talar shelf

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11
Q

leg drained by which 2 veins

A

superifical and deep veins

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12
Q

which has more valves and is less likely to have varicose veins

A

deep veins = more valves
superfical = less valves = more varicose veins

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13
Q

great and small saphenous veins are (deep/superficial veins)

A

superficial veins

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14
Q

dorsal digital vein of great toe + dorsal venous arch of the foot =

A

great saphenous vein -> empties into femoral vein

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15
Q

small saphenous veins arises on the lateral side of foot from which (#) dorsal digit vein of which (#) digit w/ venous arch

A

5th dorsal digit vein of 5th digit

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16
Q

great saphenous -> femoral
small saphenous -> popliteal

A
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17
Q

t/f deep veins travel with arteries and usually paired

A

t

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18
Q

account for over 90% of venous return from lower extremeties

A

venae comitantes

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19
Q

deep leg veins drain into which v

A

popliteal v

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20
Q

DVT = MOST COME FROM DEEP VEINS

A
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21
Q

ant. comp. muscles of thigh = flex () at hip & extend () at knee
post. comp. = extend thigh and flex ()
medial comp. = adduct or abduct thigh

A

ant. comp. muscles of thigh = flex femur at hip & extend leg at knee

post. comp. = extend thigh and flex leg

medial = adduct thigh

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22
Q

ALL ant. comp. of thigh = which n.

ACTION =

A

FERMORAL NERVE

A: hip flexion & knee extension

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23
Q

pectineus (add to medial rot.)
iliopsoas (CHIEF FLEXOR of the thigh, postural muscle, inserts on the lesser trochantor)
sartorius (goes across your thigh, CROSS-legged sitting position, weak, synergist muscle)
quadriceps femoris = (I: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris; extend at knee, all quad fem msucles have same I, N, A)

A

ant thigh m

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24
Q

medial comp. thigh muscles
N.

A

aka adductor group
obturator n.

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25
Q

which muscle of med. comp. is the only adductor to cross and act on knee

A

gracilis

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26
Q

adductor longus is the most ant. of the adductor group

adductor brevis is deep to (2) muscles

A

deep to pectineus and adductor longus

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27
Q

only muscle with additional n. for medial comp. thigh muscle

A

adductor magnus
obturator AND sciatic n.

can extend and adduct

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28
Q

femoral triangle contents (lat. - med.) (NAVEL)

A

f. n
f. a
f. v
empty space
lymphatics

29
Q

ARTERy of leg top to bottom

A

femoral (starting) -> profunda femoris -> circumflex femoral arteries -> lateral/medial cf a.

30
Q

which circumflex artery is the most IMP. since it supplies most of the blood for head & neck of femor

A

MEDIAL FEMORAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY

31
Q
  1. which (2) gluteus muscles adduct, med rotate femur; supports body during gait
  2. which gluteus muscle extend, laterally rotate femur
A
  1. glue med & min
  2. glut max
32
Q

obturator internus
superior & inferior gemelli
quad. femoris

what muscle group

A

the lateral rotators; the deep layer consists of smaller muscles which are lateral hip rotoators; stabilize hip jt, working w/ strong ligaments of the hip jt to steady femoral head in acetabulum

33
Q

innervation for lateral rotators all come off which which nerve roots

A

L5, S1

34
Q

piriformis N, A

A

S1, 2
A: abduct, lat rotate femur

35
Q

which head of biceps femoris is NOT a hamstring

A

short head of biceps femoris - only crosses knee jt, n= fibular division of sciatic n

36
Q

which msucle group arise from the ischial tuberosity and innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve

A

Biceps Femoris
- long head
- short head
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

37
Q

Pes Anserinus - conjoined tendons insert on the anteromedial proximal tibia

A

medial to lat.
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

Selena Gomez Tries

38
Q

sacral plexus nerve roots =

A

L4,5 & S1,2,3

39
Q

sciatic or pudenal nerve

  • tibial erve
  • common fibular (peroneal) nerve, superior gluteal nerve (L4,5, S1), inferior glut. n (L5, S1, S2)
A

sciatic

40
Q

pedenal or sciatic nerve
- anal & urethral sphincters, External genitialia
- posterior cutaneous n. of thigh (S1-3)
- N. to quad fem. (L4,5, S1)
- N. to obturator internus (L5, S1,2)

A

pudenal

41
Q

which 3 arteries does the internal iliac artery give rise to

A
  1. obturator artery
  2. sup. gluteal artery
  3. inf. gluteal artery
42
Q

veins of the gluteal region are tributaries of ____ veins

A

internal iliac veins

43
Q

which veins of gluteal region accompany arteries

A

superior & inferior gluteal veins

IMP. bc they communivate w/ tributaries of the femoral veins, and in DVT of femoral vein they shunt blood past the obstruction

44
Q

which gluteal vein accom/ arteries and drain blood from perineum -> internal iliac vein

A

internal pudenal veins

45
Q

lymph from deep tiss. follows gluteal vessels -> gluteal lymph nodes -> internal, external, and common iliac LN -> lymar LNs

lymph from superficial tissue -> ?? which nodes

A

external iliac nodes

46
Q

_ continuation of the femoral a. after passing adductor hiatus

at inf. border of popliteus - divides into ant. & post. tibial arteries

A
47
Q

sciatic n. -> tibial & fibular n.
tibial (larger/smaller) branch -> sural n
fibular n. -> common fib. n.

A

sciatic n. -> tibial & fibular n.
tibial larger branch -> sural n

48
Q

which n. is derived from:
medial sural cutaneous n. (from tibial n.)
sural communication branch of com. fib. n.

A

sural n.

49
Q

as popliteal artery descends -> which 3 branches form

A

Anterior tibial arery (through the gap of interos. mem. to supply ant. comp.)
fibular artery (supplies lateral comp.)
posterior tibial artery (splits into medial & lat. plantal a. after wraping around medial malleolus)

50
Q

anterior leg group n.

A

deep fibular

51
Q

tibialis anterior (+ invert foot)
exnsor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius (+ evert foot)

A: Extend & dorsiflex

which muscle group
which I on 5th MT

A

ant. comp. leg
FIB. tertius - inserts of 5th MT

52
Q

lat. com. of leg =

A

fibularis longus & brevis

53
Q

terminal branch of common fibular n. =
suplies whch muscle group

A

superfial fibular n.
lateral muscles of leg

54
Q

muscles of posterior leg &
n.
A.
which is absent in 5-10% of pop- used for reconstructive surgery
which does not cross over the knee jt. & just helps w/ standing

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

n. = tibial n.
A: plantarflex

plantaris - absent
soleus does not cross knee jt

55
Q

deep muscle group of post. comp: most act on ankle & foot jts, which muscle acts on the knee jt?

A

popliteus

56
Q

flexor hallucis longus (A: felx great toe & plantal flex foot)
flexor digitorum longus (flex & plantor flex foot)
tibials posterior (invert, plantar flex; main functn. = support medial longitudinal arch during weight bearing

which msucle group

A

deep post. comp. leg

57
Q

3 tendons deep to post. muscle of leg (classic boards q); from posterior to medial malleous

innervated by which nerve

A

Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus

Tom Dick & Harry

all n. by tibial n.

58
Q

Eversion muscles
Inversion
(2nd letter rule)

A

Eversion
- pErineus longus
- pErineus brevis
- pErineus terius

Inversion
-tIbilias ant.
-tIbilias post.

59
Q

anthing digitorum think digits
hallucis - big toe

A
60
Q
A
61
Q

which 2 nerves supply intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

med. and lat. plantar nerves
+ some deep fibular n.

62
Q

in the foot:
ANT. tibial artery -> becomes WHAT

A

DORSAL ARTERY OF THE FOOT/dorsalis pedis a.

63
Q

a region of the lower, anterior abdominal wall, or groin (INGUINAL CANAL) - Herniation occurs through (what) triangle

○ Lateral border - Inferior epigastric vessels
○ Medial - Rectus abdominis
○ Inferior - Inguinal ligament

A

Hesselbach’s triangle

64
Q

DIRECT inguinal hernias - occur DIRECTLY (MEDIAL/LATERAL to epigastric vessels)

A

MEDIAL to epigastric vessels

65
Q

indirect hernias - occur (medial/lateral to epigastric vessels)

A

indirect = LATERAL

66
Q

WHICH hernia is more common ?

A

INDIRECT = more hernias LATERAL to epigastric vessels

67
Q

contents of inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of genitofemeral nerve

67
Q

hernias that canNOT be pushed back in the abdomen -> lose blood sup.

A

incarcerated hernia

msk (3 decks)

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