Dr Clokie Flashcards

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1
Q

archaea and global warming -

A

archaea in deep-sea marine sediments are responsible for the removal of methane greenhouse gas via anaerobic oxidation

At cold temperatures and high ocean pressure, methane combines with water to form methane hydrate

As oceans warm, this bubbles up, releasing more methane into the atmosphere

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2
Q

archaeal membranes =

A

the archaea have ether bonds connecting fatty acids to molecules of glycerol

Side-chains are branched isoprenes

Different chiral form of glycerol

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3
Q

metabolism in archaea -

A
Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes;
sugars 
ammonia 
metal ions 
hydrogen gas
Some metabolisms such as methanogenesis
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4
Q

Protists -

A

= a eukaryotic microbe that is not an animal, plant, or fungus
e.g. amoeba, slime mould, euglena Unicellular
Lack cell walls
free living or parasitic
aquatic

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5
Q

Fungus like protists; oomycete plant pathogen -

A

Phytophthora infestans = causes blight in potatoes

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6
Q

fungi -

A

chitin cell walls
produce spores
Form a tight phylogenetic cluster; e.g. Moulds, Yeasts, Mushrooms
replicate by budding

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7
Q

Facultative Parasite:

A

An organism that lives AND CAN COMPLETE ITS LIFECYCLE independent of a host but may occasionally be parasitic under certain conditions

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8
Q

Obligate Parasite:

A

A parasite that cannot lead an independent nonparasitic existence

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9
Q

Opportunistic Parasite:

A

A parasite that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease. Many lie dormant in the host and when the immune system is reduced they become active again

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10
Q

fungi: Dermatophyte infections…

A

Athletes foot = Moulds that grow on keratin

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11
Q

1) trophozoite

A

is the feeding stage of a protozoan parasite

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12
Q

2) Schizogony

A

is the process of asexual reproduction during which the nucleus undergoes division
produces daughter cells known as merozoites

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13
Q

3) Gametocytes

A

are derived from merozoites, are cells that are capable of developing into gametes

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14
Q

Intermediate Host

Asexual Life cycle

A

Infection through eating oocysts or tissue cysts

Multiple rounds of fast asexual division (tachyzoites)

Tachyzoites transform into Bradyzoites

Bradyzoites, divide slowly and form cysts (infective)

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15
Q

Common Coccidian

Sexual Life cycle

A

Multiple rounds of schizogony (depends on parasite species)

Microgamete (male) fertilises Macrogamete (female)

Oocysts can sporulate in host or externally depending on species

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16
Q

Congenital Disease in humans =

A

Woman infected during pregnancy can transfer parasite to fetus

17
Q

Malaria:

A

Caused by the Plasmodium parasite
vector = female Anopheles mosquito (bite to get blood for egg production)
tropical climates
transmitted via blood or congenital
parasite multiples in red blood cells = burst

18
Q

Metabolism

A

the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life

19
Q

bacteria that use citrate as a carbon source

A

Enterobacter faecalis and Enterobacter aerogenes

20
Q

bacteria that needs oxygen to grow

A

Psedomonas putida and Enterobacter faecalis

use catalase test = bubbles if oxygen produced
(use oxidase test = filter paper turns purple)

21
Q

waste water =

A

liquid derived from domestic/industry sewage that cannot be discharge into streams due to health, economic and environmental or aesthetic reasons

22
Q

cholera =

A

vibrio cholerae occurs naturally in plankton = causes diarrhoea, vomiting

23
Q

water treatment:

A

1) preliminary treatment = removes solid debris
2) primary treatment = fine screening and sedimentation tanks remove insoluble particles
3) secondary treatment = microbial decomposition of organic content
4) advanced treatment = chlorination