Dr Clokie Flashcards
archaea and global warming -
archaea in deep-sea marine sediments are responsible for the removal of methane greenhouse gas via anaerobic oxidation
At cold temperatures and high ocean pressure, methane combines with water to form methane hydrate
As oceans warm, this bubbles up, releasing more methane into the atmosphere
archaeal membranes =
the archaea have ether bonds connecting fatty acids to molecules of glycerol
Side-chains are branched isoprenes
Different chiral form of glycerol
metabolism in archaea -
Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes; sugars ammonia metal ions hydrogen gas Some metabolisms such as methanogenesis
Protists -
= a eukaryotic microbe that is not an animal, plant, or fungus
e.g. amoeba, slime mould, euglena Unicellular
Lack cell walls
free living or parasitic
aquatic
Fungus like protists; oomycete plant pathogen -
Phytophthora infestans = causes blight in potatoes
fungi -
chitin cell walls
produce spores
Form a tight phylogenetic cluster; e.g. Moulds, Yeasts, Mushrooms
replicate by budding
Facultative Parasite:
An organism that lives AND CAN COMPLETE ITS LIFECYCLE independent of a host but may occasionally be parasitic under certain conditions
Obligate Parasite:
A parasite that cannot lead an independent nonparasitic existence
Opportunistic Parasite:
A parasite that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease. Many lie dormant in the host and when the immune system is reduced they become active again
fungi: Dermatophyte infections…
Athletes foot = Moulds that grow on keratin
1) trophozoite
is the feeding stage of a protozoan parasite
2) Schizogony
is the process of asexual reproduction during which the nucleus undergoes division
produces daughter cells known as merozoites
3) Gametocytes
are derived from merozoites, are cells that are capable of developing into gametes
Intermediate Host
Asexual Life cycle
Infection through eating oocysts or tissue cysts
Multiple rounds of fast asexual division (tachyzoites)
Tachyzoites transform into Bradyzoites
Bradyzoites, divide slowly and form cysts (infective)
Common Coccidian
Sexual Life cycle
Multiple rounds of schizogony (depends on parasite species)
Microgamete (male) fertilises Macrogamete (female)
Oocysts can sporulate in host or externally depending on species
Congenital Disease in humans =
Woman infected during pregnancy can transfer parasite to fetus
Malaria:
Caused by the Plasmodium parasite
vector = female Anopheles mosquito (bite to get blood for egg production)
tropical climates
transmitted via blood or congenital
parasite multiples in red blood cells = burst
Metabolism
the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life
bacteria that use citrate as a carbon source
Enterobacter faecalis and Enterobacter aerogenes
bacteria that needs oxygen to grow
Psedomonas putida and Enterobacter faecalis
use catalase test = bubbles if oxygen produced
(use oxidase test = filter paper turns purple)
waste water =
liquid derived from domestic/industry sewage that cannot be discharge into streams due to health, economic and environmental or aesthetic reasons
cholera =
vibrio cholerae occurs naturally in plankton = causes diarrhoea, vomiting
water treatment:
1) preliminary treatment = removes solid debris
2) primary treatment = fine screening and sedimentation tanks remove insoluble particles
3) secondary treatment = microbial decomposition of organic content
4) advanced treatment = chlorination
