DPT 5000 Quiz 2- Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is motor control?

A
  1. ABILITY TO REGULATE OR DIRECT THE MECHANISMS ESSENTIAL TO MOVEMENT.
  2. Neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement.
  3. Study of how and individual controls movement already acquired.
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2
Q

Motor control addresses what questions?

A
  1. How does CNS coordinate muscle and joint movement?
  2. How is sensory info from the environment and body used to direct body movement?
  3. How can mvmnt problems be identified, categorized, and diagnosed in patients with motor control problems?
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3
Q

Why study motor control?

A

PTs are “movement specialists”!

What you understand about MC & where it works will drive what kind of intervention you will use.

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4
Q

Nature of Movement

A

(Remember illustration of the 3 circles)
Task
Individual
Environment

All overlap and this overlap is Movement

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5
Q

Individual Factors of Movement

A
  1. Perception
  2. Cognition
  3. Action (motor)
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6
Q

Perception

A

The integration of sensory info into meaningful biologically relevant information (site, hearing touch, etc.)
Can be Regulatory or Adaptive

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7
Q

Regulatory vs. Adaptive perception

A

Regulatory- shaping ongoing movement
(changing our movement to what we see)

Adaptive- influencing future movement
(making adjustments based on what you view from previous movement)

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8
Q

Cognition

A

The ability to process, sort, retrieve, and manipulate info.
Includes: attention, alertness, selectivity, effort, motivation, memory, emotional aspects.

Book def: attn, planning, problem solving, motivation, and emotional aspects.

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9
Q

Types of attention

A
  1. Sustained attn: ability to maintain attn over time
  2. Selective attn: ability to decide what you pay attn to.
  3. Alternating attn: ability to switch tasks.
  4. Divided attn: pay attn to multiple things @ one time.
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10
Q

Action

A

Neuromuscular control–> motor output

Coordinated control of muscles an joints during execution of a function movement.

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11
Q

Relationship between Cognition, Perception, and Action and Body Systems

A

Continuum:

  • Sensing
  • Perceiving
  • Interpreting
  • Conceptualization
  • Strategy/ Plan
  • Activation
  • Execution
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12
Q

Task Considerations:

Stability vs. Mobility

A

Stability- non-moving base of support
i.e. Sitting or Standing

Mobility/Transport- moving base of support
i.e. walking or running

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13
Q

Task Considerations:

Manipulations continuum

A

Ranges from none, simple, to complex

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14
Q

Environmental Constraints:

Regulatory vs. Non-regulatory

A

Regulatory Conditions- aspects of environment to which movement must conform (shapes the movement). People, objects, etc.

Non-regulatory Conditions- aspects that may interfere with successful movement but do not constrain. i.e. noise, distractions, lighting.

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15
Q

Regulatory Conditions

Stationary vs. in Motion

A

Regulatory-Stationary: i.e. moving from sit to stand in a classroom chair. Chair height is stationary but you must adapt to it.
Regulatory-Motion: i.e. moving from sit to standoff a Swiss ball. Ball is moving and you must adapt to that while completing the task.

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16
Q

Regulatory Conditions:

Variability vs. Non-variability

A

regulatory-variability: walking on grass/ uneven surface

regulatory- non-variability: walking on PT gym floor, even surface.

17
Q

Open Tasks vs. Closed Tasks

A

Open- occur in environment in which the regulatory conditions are in motion and variable.

Closed- occur in environments in which regulatory conditions are stable and without variation.

18
Q

3 Levels of Movement Analysis

A
  1. Action
  2. Movement
  3. Neuromotor
19
Q

Analysis: Action

A

Outcome of the task (was the goal accomplished?)

20
Q

Analysis: Movement

A

Analyzing the movement strategy that resulted in the task being successful or unsuccessful (was the movement executed as planned?)

21
Q

Analysis: Neuromotor

A

Underlying processes that make movement happen.

22
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A
  • highest level of motor control
  • identifies targets in space, chooses plan of action, and programs movement
  • specifices muscle groups
  • sends plan to spinal cord
23
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A
  • Communicates w/ all components of the motor system
  • Somatotopic Organization
  • Function organization (movement not individual muscles)
  • Origin of the corticospinal tract
24
Q

Motor Planning Areas

A

Supplementary Motor Area

Pre Motor Cortex

25
Q

Supplementary Motor Area

A
  • coordinating voluntary movements
  • governs postural adjustments
  • complex motor patterns
  • unilateral & bilateral influence
26
Q

Pre- Motor Cortex

A

Complex movements using multiple joints.

Movements that require visual guidance

27
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Activated b4 movement
Initiation of movement
Planning mvmnt strategies
Coordination of mvmnt b4 or after it happens
Involved in cognitive and motivation components of task.
Pre-motor cortex
Affects timing of mvmnt
Parkinson’s Disease–>disorder of basal ganglia

28
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Motor Modulation
  • Helps maintain upright posture
    • -> Synergy of mvmnt
  • Force range of movements
  • Coordination
  • Muscle tone
  • Activated as mvmnt is happening
29
Q

Synergy of Movement

A

Cerebellum puts it all together and fine-tunes movement.
Compares actual movement to intended movement
Adjusts movements as necessary.

30
Q

Motor Modulation (Cerebellum)

A

Adjusts motor output by comparing input vs. output.

Detects errors.