DPT 5000 Quiz 2- Motor Control

Question 1

What is motor control?

Answer 1

1. ABILITY TO REGULATE OR DIRECT THE MECHANISMS ESSENTIAL TO MOVEMENT.
2. Neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement.
3. Study of how and individual controls movement already acquired.

Question 2

Motor control addresses what questions?

Answer 2

1. How does CNS coordinate muscle and joint movement?
2. How is sensory info from the environment and body used to direct body movement?
3. How can mvmnt problems be identified, categorized, and diagnosed in patients with motor control problems?

Question 3

Why study motor control?

Answer 3

PTs are “movement specialists”!

What you understand about MC & where it works will drive what kind of intervention you will use.

Question 4

Nature of Movement

Answer 4

(Remember illustration of the 3 circles)
Task
Individual
Environment

All overlap and this overlap is Movement

Question 5

Individual Factors of Movement

Answer 5

1. Perception
2. Cognition
3. Action (motor)

Question 6

Perception

Answer 6

The integration of sensory info into meaningful biologically relevant information (site, hearing touch, etc.)
Can be Regulatory or Adaptive

Question 7

Regulatory vs. Adaptive perception

Answer 7

Regulatory- shaping ongoing movement
(changing our movement to what we see)

Adaptive- influencing future movement
(making adjustments based on what you view from previous movement)

Question 8

Cognition

Answer 8

The ability to process, sort, retrieve, and manipulate info.
Includes: attention, alertness, selectivity, effort, motivation, memory, emotional aspects.

Book def: attn, planning, problem solving, motivation, and emotional aspects.

Question 9

Types of attention

Answer 9

1. Sustained attn: ability to maintain attn over time
2. Selective attn: ability to decide what you pay attn to.
3. Alternating attn: ability to switch tasks.
4. Divided attn: pay attn to multiple things @ one time.

Question 10

Action

Answer 10

Neuromuscular control–> motor output

Coordinated control of muscles an joints during execution of a function movement.

Question 11

Relationship between Cognition, Perception, and Action and Body Systems

Answer 11

Continuum:

• Sensing
• Perceiving
• Interpreting
• Conceptualization
• Strategy/ Plan
• Activation
• Execution

Question 12

Task Considerations:

Stability vs. Mobility

Answer 12

Stability- non-moving base of support
i.e. Sitting or Standing

Mobility/Transport- moving base of support
i.e. walking or running

Question 13

Task Considerations:

Manipulations continuum

Answer 13

Ranges from none, simple, to complex

Question 14

Environmental Constraints:

Regulatory vs. Non-regulatory

Answer 14

Regulatory Conditions- aspects of environment to which movement must conform (shapes the movement). People, objects, etc.

Non-regulatory Conditions- aspects that may interfere with successful movement but do not constrain. i.e. noise, distractions, lighting.

Question 15

Regulatory Conditions

Stationary vs. in Motion

Answer 15

Regulatory-Stationary: i.e. moving from sit to stand in a classroom chair. Chair height is stationary but you must adapt to it.
Regulatory-Motion: i.e. moving from sit to standoff a Swiss ball. Ball is moving and you must adapt to that while completing the task.

Question 16

Regulatory Conditions:

Variability vs. Non-variability

Answer 16

regulatory-variability: walking on grass/ uneven surface

regulatory- non-variability: walking on PT gym floor, even surface.

Question 17

Open Tasks vs. Closed Tasks

Answer 17

Open- occur in environment in which the regulatory conditions are in motion and variable.

Closed- occur in environments in which regulatory conditions are stable and without variation.

Question 18

3 Levels of Movement Analysis

Answer 18

1. Action
2. Movement
3. Neuromotor

Question 19

Analysis: Action

Answer 19

Outcome of the task (was the goal accomplished?)

Question 20

Analysis: Movement

Answer 20

Analyzing the movement strategy that resulted in the task being successful or unsuccessful (was the movement executed as planned?)

Question 21

Analysis: Neuromotor

Answer 21

Underlying processes that make movement happen.

Question 22

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 22

• highest level of motor control
• identifies targets in space, chooses plan of action, and programs movement
• specifices muscle groups
• sends plan to spinal cord

Question 23

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 23

• Communicates w/ all components of the motor system
• Somatotopic Organization
• Function organization (movement not individual muscles)
• Origin of the corticospinal tract

Question 24

Motor Planning Areas

Answer 24

Supplementary Motor Area

Pre Motor Cortex

Question 25

Supplementary Motor Area

Answer 25

• coordinating voluntary movements
• governs postural adjustments
• complex motor patterns
• unilateral & bilateral influence

Question 26

Pre- Motor Cortex

Answer 26

Complex movements using multiple joints.

Movements that require visual guidance

Question 27

Basal Ganglia

Answer 27

Activated b4 movement
Initiation of movement
Planning mvmnt strategies
Coordination of mvmnt b4 or after it happens
Involved in cognitive and motivation components of task.
Pre-motor cortex
Affects timing of mvmnt
Parkinson’s Disease–>disorder of basal ganglia

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

• Motor Modulation
• Helps maintain upright posture
  
  • -> Synergy of mvmnt
• Force range of movements
• Coordination
• Muscle tone
• Activated as mvmnt is happening

Question 29

Synergy of Movement

Answer 29

Cerebellum puts it all together and fine-tunes movement.
Compares actual movement to intended movement
Adjusts movements as necessary.

Question 30

Motor Modulation (Cerebellum)

Answer 30

Adjusts motor output by comparing input vs. output.

Detects errors.