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Endo/Repro: Week 1 > Downing: Pituitary Histology > Flashcards

Downing: Pituitary Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of the adenohypophysis?

A
  1. Pars distalis
  2. pars intermedia
  3. Pars tuberalis
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2
Q

What forms 75% of the hypophysis?

A

Pars distalis

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3
Q

What are the two categories of cell types seen in the pars distalis?

A
  1. Chromophobes (null cells)(50%)

2. Chromophils (50%)

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4
Q

What cells in the par distalis appear in CLUSTERS, with nuclei surrounded by light cytoplasm that may be degranulated by acidophils and basophils?

A

Chromophobes

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5
Q

What are the two types of cells that form chromophils?

A

Acidophils (40%) and Basophils (10%)

slightly larger than acidophils

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6
Q

What are the two types of acidophilic secretory vesicles?

A

Somatotrophs

Mammotrophs

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7
Q

Somatotrophs (acidophile)

A

GH

somatotropin/STH

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8
Q

Mammotrophs (acidophile)

A

PRL

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9
Q

What cell number increases during pregnancy and lactation?

A

Mammotrophs

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10
Q

What are the three types of basophilic secretory vessicles?

A

thyrotrophs
gonadotrophs
corticotrophs

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11
Q

What secretes TSH?

A

Thyrotrophs

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12
Q

What secretes FSH and LH?

A

Gonadotrophs

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13
Q

What secretes ACTH and MSH?

A

Corticotrophs

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14
Q

What part of the adenohypophysis produces MSH?

A

Pars intermedia (weakly basophilic)

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15
Q

Where are Rathke’s cysts located and what do they contain?

A

Pars intermedia

Remnants of Rathke’s pouch= follicles lined by cuboidal epithelium and filled w/ colloid

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16
Q

Where do the superior hypophyseal arteries terminate to from the primary plexus of the portal system?

A

Pars tuberalis

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17
Q

Cells in the pars tuberalis contain…

A

FSH

LH

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18
Q

What releases GH? What inhibits GH?

A

+ SRH

- Somatostatin

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19
Q

What hormone increases metabolic rate and stimulates liver cells to release STOMATOMEDINS leading to an increased proliferation of CARTILAGE and growth in LONG BONES?

A

GH

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20
Q

What releases prolactin? What inhibits prolactin?

A

+ PRH

- PIF

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21
Q

What hormones promotes the development of MAMMARY GLANDS during pregnancy and stimulates MILK PRODUCTION after parturition?

A

Prolactin (stimulated by suckling)

22
Q

What releases ACTH?

A

CRH

23
Q

What stimulates the synthesis and release of hormones from the suprarenal cortex? What are these hormones?

A

CRH

Cortisol
corticosterone

24
Q

What releases FSH? What inhibits FSH?

A

+ GnRH

- Inhibin (Males)

25
Q

What stimulates secondary ovarian follicle growth and estrogen secretion as well as SERTOLI cells in the seminiferous tubules to produce ABP?

A

FSH

26
Q

What releases LH and ICSH?

A

+ GnRH

27
Q

What hormone assists FSH in promoting OVULATION, the formation of the COPRUS LUTEM, and secretion of PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN (F)?

Stimulates LEYDIG cells to secrete/release testosterone> negative feedback to hypothalamus to inhibit GnRH in men?

A

LH

ICSH

28
Q

What releases and inhibits RSH?

A

+ TRH

- negative feedback suppresses via CNS

29
Q

What stimulates the release of thyroid hormone and increases the metabolic rate?

A

TSH

30
Q

What hormones are found i the pars distalis?

A 
GH
PRL
ACTH
FSH
LH/ICSH
TSH
31
Q

What hormones are found in the pars nervosa?

A

oxytocin

vasopressin

32
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Smth musc contractions of UTERUS during ORGASM

Contractions of uterus at parturition

Suckling> oxytocin release> contraction of myoepithelial cells in mammmary glands/milk ejection

33
Q

What hormone increases water absorption by the kidneys and is regulated by osmotic pressure?

A

vasopressin

34
Q

What hormone can restore normal BP after severe hemorrhage?

A

Vasopressin

35
Q

What are the two embryological derviations of the pituitary gland?

A

Oral ectoderm

Neural ectoderm

36
Q

The adenohypophysis is derived from?

A

oral ectoderm

37
Q

the neuohypophysis is derived from?

A

neural ectoderm

38
Q

The pars tuberalis, pars distalis and the pars intermedia are divisions of the ___________and are therefore derivations of _______.

A

Adenohypophysis

Oral ectoterm

39
Q

The pars nervosa and infundibulum are divisions of the __________ and are therefore derived from __________.

A

Neurohypophysis

Neural ectoderm

40
Q

What forms the neural lobe?

A

pars nervosa

41
Q

What forms the neural stalk?

A

infundibulum

42
Q

What forms the infundibular stem and the median eminence of the tuber cinereum?

A

Infundibulum

43
Q

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

A

Blood vessels that connects the HYPOTHALAMUS with the ANTERIOR PITUITARY

44
Q

Where is the hypothalamu hypophyseal tract located?

A

Passes through the INFUNDIBULAR STALK and ends in the PARS NERVOSA

45
Q

What hormone is most abundant in cell bodies of the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEI?

A

Oxytocin

46
Q

What hormone is most abundant in cell bodies of SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEI?

A

ADH/vasopressin

47
Q

What stimulates the milk ejection reflex?

A

suckling> secretion oxytocin> contraction myoepithelial cells surrounding alveoli in mammary glands

48
Q

What is the fxn of ADH?

A

Increases water reabsorption in DCT>

hypertonic urine

49
Q

What stimulates ADH secretion?

A

increase in plasma osmolarity

decrease in blood volume

50
Q

What causes diabetes insipidus?

A

Lack of ADH

makes you pee a lot and drink a lot

Endo/Repro: Week 1 (10 decks)

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