Downing: Mammary Gland Histology

Question 1

specialized cutaneous gland/ modified sweat gland w/ 15-25 lobules that are each an INDEPENDENT gland

Answer 1

mammary gland

duct opens at APEX of nipple

Question 2

lobules of mammary gland

Answer 2

several in each lobe

CT in lobule is loose, delicate, cellular

Question 3

pathway of mammary gland ducts

Answer 3

intRAlobular ducts>
intERlobular ducts>
lactiferous duct>
lactiferous sinus

Question 4

dilation of lactiferous duct just before it opens onto summit of nipple

Answer 4

lactiferous sinus

Question 5

epithelium in smaller ducts

Answer 5

simple cuboidal

Question 6

epithelium near opening of nipple

Answer 6

stratified sq

Question 7

affect of puberty on mammary glands

Answer 7

ENLARGE d/t development of adipose and CT

Question 8

when do mammary glands fully develop

Answer 8

pregnancy> finish developing w/ nursing

Question 9

pigmented skin w/ no sweat glands or hair follicles

Answer 9

nipple

Question 10

nipple epithelium

Answer 10

Strat, sq, keratinizing

Question 11

melanin content in nipple during pregnancy

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

contain numberous meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 12

Tall CT papillae of nipple

Question 13

arranged LONGITUIDINALLY along lactiferous ducts

CIRCUMFERENTIALLY w/in nipple

Answer 13

smooth muscle

*permits erection of nipple in response to stimuli

Question 14

area of skin surrounding nipple

Answer 14

areola

Question 15

Glands in areola

Answer 15

areolar glands (between sweat gland and true mammary gland)

sweat gland

sebaceous gland

Question 16

secretory units of mammary gland

Answer 16

alveoli

Question 17

located at the distal ends of INTRAlobular ducts and have cuboidal to sq epithelium

Answer 17

alveoli

Question 18

alveoli: merocrine secretion

Answer 18

secretory vesicle

Question 19

alveoli: apocrine secretion

Answer 19

fat droplets

Question 20

4-6 of these cells are found/alveolus and they encompass the epithelium

stellate

Answer 20

myoepithelial cells

Question 21

alveoli w/ flattened cuboidal epithelium
FEW secretory vesicles
SMALL fat droplets
extensive CT and adipose

Answer 21

INACTIVE gland

Question 22

what happens w/in the first trimester to mammary glands

Answer 22

intralobular ducts proliferate and BRANCH
increase in alveolar NUMBER
DECREASE in CT
infiltration of plasma cells

*lumens NOT distinct in first half of preg

Question 23

what happens to the alveolar epithelum during the LAST HALF of pregnancy and what becomes prominent

Answer 23

increases!

lumen becomes prominent

Question 24

rich in protein, low in lipid content

contains IgA

Answer 24

clostrum

Question 25

When does clostrum production occur?

Answer 25

last half of pregnancy

Question 26

active alevoli

Answer 26

``` dilated lumen cuboidal epithelium (smaller) ``` secretes milk!

Question 27

rich in lactose, protein, lipids

Answer 27

milk!!

Question 28

resting alveoli

Answer 28

small lumen | taller epithelium

Question 29

contract and allow for milk ejection into ducts

Answer 29

myoepithelial cells

Question 30

what happens during regression?

Answer 30

absorption of secretory products decrease in size of alveoli increase in CT adipose

Question 31

postmenopausal phenomena that leads to atrophpy of gland parenchyma and stroma and the remainder of FEW ducts CT becomes DENSE

Answer 31

Involution

Question 32

what stage of life is cyst formation in the breast frequent?

Answer 32

postmenopausal involution

Question 33

stimulates duct proliferation

Answer 33

estradiol

Question 34

stimulates ALVEOLAR proliferation

Answer 34

progesterone

Question 35

furthers gland development in last HALF of pregnancy

Answer 35

prolactin

Question 36

stimulates casein production and lactose synthetase

Answer 36

prolactin

Question 37

what permits prolactin levels to be enhanced

Answer 37

dropping levels of progesteron and estrogen AFTER BIRTH

Question 38

increases PRL secretion by decreasing PIF

Answer 38

suckling reflex

Question 39

oxytocin release> | leads to myoepithelial contraction and accumulation of milk in lactiferous sinuses

Answer 39

milk ejection reflex