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Chemistry exam questions > double science memorizable stuff > Flashcards

double science memorizable stuff Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of a solvent

A

the liquid in which a solute dissolves

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2
Q

what is the definition of a solute

A

the substance which dissolves in liquid to form a solution

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3
Q

what is the definition of a solution

A

the mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

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4
Q

what is the definition of a saturated solution

A

a solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in the solvent

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5
Q

what is the definition of an element

A

a substance made of atoms that all contain the same number of protons and cannot be split into anything simpler

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6
Q

what is the definition of a compound

A

A pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined

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7
Q

what is the definition of a mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances that aren’t chemically combined

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8
Q

what is the definition of a pure substance

A

a substance that has a fixed melting and boiling point

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9
Q

what is the definition of an atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that contains electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons

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10
Q

what is the definition of a molecule

A

A group of two or more atoms chemically combined to form an idetifiable unit which retains the properties and composition of the substance

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11
Q

reaction of lithium with water

A
  • relatively slow reaction
  • fizzing
  • lithium moves on the surface of the water
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12
Q

reaction of sodium with water

A
  • more vigorous fizzing
  • moves rapidly on the surface of the water
  • dissolves quickly
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13
Q

reaction of potassium with water

A
  • reacts more vigorously than sodium
  • burns with a lilac flame
  • moves very rapidly on the surface
  • dissolves very quickly
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14
Q

Colour and property of (halogen) fluorine

A

yellow gas

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15
Q

Colour and property of (halogen) chlorine

A

gas - pale yellow green gas

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16
Q

Colour and property of (halogen) bromine

A

liquid - red brown liquid

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17
Q

Colour and property of (halogen) iodine

A

solid - grey solid

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18
Q

reactivity series order

A

please send lions, cats, monkeys and cute zebras into hot countries signed gordon.

potassium,sodium,lithium,calcium,magnesium,aluminium,carbon,zinc,iron,hydrogen,copper,silver,gold

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19
Q

colour of litmus

A

In acid:
red

in alkali:
blue

20
Q

colour of phenolpthalein

A

In acid:
colorless

In alkali:
pink

21
Q

colour of methyl orange

A

In acid:
red

In alkali:
yellow

22
Q

prepare a soluble salt

A

1) add excess insoluble base to the acid
2) filter to remove unreacted base
3) heat the solution so that water evaporates and crystals of the salt remain

23
Q

prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper sulfate crystals starting from copper oxide

A

1) heat acid until warm, then add metal base stirring constantly until it stops dissapearing
2) filter mixture to remove excess base, transfer solution to evaporating basin
3) evaporate water from solution using a bunsen burner until crystals appear
4) remove evaporating basin from heat and allow filtrate to dry and crystallize

24
Q

Test for ammonia

A
  • hold litmus paper near the mouth of the test tube
  • damp red litmus paper turns blue
25
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

-bubbling gas through an aqeous solution of limewater
- if the gas is co2 limewater turns cloudy

26
Q

Test for chlorine gas

A
  • litmus paper
  • if chlorine gas is present, damp blue litmus paper will turn red and the be bleached white
27
Q

Test for hydrogen gas

A
  • hold a burning splint at the open end of a test tube of gas
  • if the gas is hydrogen, it burns with a loud squeaky pop
28
Q

test for oxygen

A
  • consists of placing a glowing splint inside a test tube of gas
  • if the gas is oxygen, the splint will relight
29
Q

test for lithium

A
  • flame test
  • red
30
Q

test for sodium

A
  • flame test
  • yellow
31
Q

test for potassium

A
  • flame test
  • lilac
32
Q

test for calcium

A
  • flame test
  • orange-red
33
Q

test for copper

A

-flame test
- blue-green

34
Q

Test for (metal ion + sodium hydroxide) copper

A
  • aqeuous solution
  • light blue precipitate formed
35
Q

Test for (metal ion + sodium hydroxide) iron 2+

A
  • aqeuous solution
  • green precipitate formed
36
Q

Test for (metal ion + sodium hydroxide) iron 3+

A
  • aqeuous solution
  • brown precipitate formed
37
Q

test for carbonate ions

A
  • add dilute acid
  • bubble the gas release through limewater
  • limewater turns cloudy if the carbonate ion is present
38
Q

test for halide ions

A
  • acidify the sample with nitric acid
  • add silver nitrate solution
  • a silver halide precipitate forms if a halide ion is present

chloride ion - white precipitate of silver chloride

bromide ions - cream precipitate of silver bromide

Iodine ions - yellow precipitate of silver iodide

39
Q

test for sulfate ions

A
  • acidify the sample with dilute hcl
  • add a few drops of barium chloride solution
  • a white precipitate of barium sulfate is formed, if the sulfate ion is present
40
Q

chemical test for water

A
  • anhydrous copper sulfate turns from white to blue on the addition of water
41
Q

homologous series

A

a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to them having the same functional group

42
Q

functional group

A

a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologus series

43
Q

isomers

A

compounds that have the same molecular formula but diffeerent displayed formula

44
Q

process of fractional distillation in crude oil

A

1) crude oil is heated and vaporised
2) the vapour of hydrocarbons enter the column which has a temperature gradient
3) the vapours of hydrocarbons with high boiling points condense at the bottom of the column
4) the vapours of hydrocarbons with lower boiling points rise up the column and condense at the top

45
Q

cracking conditions

A
  • 600-700 degrees
  • catalyst - silica or aluminia
46
Q

bromine water test

A
  • when bromine is added to an alkane, it will remain as am orange solution
  • when added to alkene bromine becomes colorless
47
Q
A

Chemistry exam questions (5 decks)

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