Dosage forms of Drugs (Exam 1)

Question 1

Drugs can be classified according to their physical state into…

Answer 1

solid, liquid, semisolid, gases or vapors

Question 2

powder

Answer 2

mixture of drugs packaged in packets or sachets

Question 3

tablet

Answer 3

active drug(s) combined with a binder and excipient. The mixture is compressed onto tablets by machine
disc shaped

Question 4

enteric-coated tablets

Answer 4

irritant tablets or which are destroyed by gastric acid are coated with phenylsalicylate (salol) or other substance, which is insoluble in acid but will dissolve in the alkaline small intestine

Question 5

pill

Answer 5

mixture of drugs and a sticky binder in the form of ovoid or spherical mass, which is provided with a glazed sugar coating

Question 6

capsule

Answer 6

container made of mixture and gelatin and glycerin and is suitable for drugs in powdered form and certain liquid drugs
solid or liquid inside

Question 7

bolus

Answer 7

solid, large and cylindrical in shape
used for horses and cattle
oral

Question 8

mixture

Answer 8

aqueous solution or suspension intended for oral administration
aromatic water (aqueous solution of a volatile oil such as peppermint or cinnamon) is added to prevent contamination with bacteria or mold

Question 9

pessary

Answer 9

conical solid preparation for intravaginal use in humans

Question 10

suppository

Answer 10

conical solid preparation given intrarectally for systemic effect in humans.
It melts and releases its active ingredients after being introduced to the body

Question 11

paste

Answer 11

semisolid preparation for either external use (on the skin) or internal use

Question 12

electuary

Answer 12

semisolid preparation, which is applied on the back of the tongue for a systemic effect
aka oral paste

Question 13

tincture

Answer 13

alcoholic liquid preparation of a nonvolatile substance either for external or internal use
oral or skin/mucous membrane

Question 14

spirt

Answer 14

alcoholic preparation of a volatile substance

Question 15

poultice

Answer 15

rub on for pain

Question 16

suspension

Answer 16

liquid preparation of insoluble solids
aqueous suspension of solids and usually contains a dispersing agent (gum tragacanth or methylcellulose) to delay settling. The bottle should contain the phrase “shake well before use”
ex: antacid- milky substance

Question 17

syrup

Answer 17

solution of medicinal agents, flavoring and coloring agents in 85% sucrose solution (more than 50% solution)

Question 18

elixir

Answer 18

hydroalcoholic solution of medicinal agents that have been sweetened and flavored (it has a better keeping quality than a mixture because of high alcohol content)

Question 19

emulsion

Answer 19

liquid preparation of two immisible liquids
consists of an oily substance dispersed in an aqueous medium with an emulsifying or dispersing agent (gum acacia, lecithin or methylcellulose)
does not dissolve
must shake before use

Question 20

extract

Answer 20

obtained by passing the solvent over the dried plant material (percolation) then evaporation of the solvent, or placing the crude material in the solvent until the active substances are extracted (maceration).
If cold water or warm water is used it is called infusion ex: tea/coffee
boiling water: product is called decoction

Question 21

injections

Answer 21

sterile solutions or suspensions in an aqueous (sometimes an oil vehicle). They are heat sterilized or if unstable to heat, filtered through Milipore filters.
Some drugs are unstable in solution and are packaged aspetically in vials
they are reconstituted with sterile water immediately before injection
tablets for injections are somewhat similar to powder in vials

Question 22

repository forms

Answer 22

the slow release form
sustained release forms prolong effective drug concentration in the body by providing for sustained release from the dosage form

Question 23

external dosage forms (red label)

Answer 23

liniment, lotion, ointment, cream, dusting powder

Question 24

liniment

Answer 24

liquid or semisolid preparation to be applied on the skin with friction (rubbing)
generally contains counterirritants used in chronic inflammation of muscles and tendons
warms up area to bring more bloody supply

Question 25

lotion

Answer 25

solution or suspension of sooting substances to be applied on the skin in acute inflammation to relieve pain
cooling effect

Question 26

ointment

Answer 26

semisolid greasy preparation in which the drug is dissolved or dispensed in a suitable base

Question 27

cream

Answer 27

incorporates a drug in water-oil emulsion; water will evaporate following application, leaving the drug and a think film of oil on the skin

Question 28

dusting powder

Answer 28

mixture of drugs in powdered form for external use such as talc or starch as absorbents

Question 29

aerosol

Answer 29

drug incorporated in a suitable solvent and packaged under pressure with a propellant such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or nitrogen

Question 30

solid vehicles

Answer 30

starch, sucrose, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and resin

Question 31

oral vehicles

Answer 31

waters (peppermint water) syrup, elixir

Question 32

injection vehciles

Answer 32

sterile water, sterile saline, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysorbate 80 (tween 80)

Question 33

semisolid vehicles

Answer 33

paraffin oil and wax, bee wax, vaseline

Question 34

pharmaceuticals

Answer 34

crude form to dosage form

Question 35

plant extract

Answer 35

pass solvent on plants, dissolve, evaporate solid