Dosage Forms Of Drugs

Question 1

– any preparation with one more substances dissolved in liquid solvent. Ideal, solution should be chemically stable, non irritating, brilliantly clear and free from microorganisms.
Examples:

Answer 1

Solutions

topical, parental and ophthalmic solutions.

Question 2

– alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of drugs made by extraction of crude drugs, solution of chemicals or dilution of fluid extract. Example;

Answer 2

Tinctures

tincture of iodine

Question 3

– are liquid preparations where the solute is not dissolved in the vehicle but is suspended throughout the vehicle by the use of suspending agent which usually increases the viscosity of the vehicle. A suspension must never be given intravenously. Oftentimes this term is loosely applied to mixtures.

Answer 3

Suspensions

Question 4

– can be solutions, suspensions or emulsions and are nearly always applied topically to the skin and occasionally to the eye. Inclusion of alcohol hastens its drying and cooling effect while inclusion of glycerin keeps the skin moist for a considerable time.

Answer 4

Lotions

Question 5

– an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances intended for external applications. Much benefit is derived from massage during application.

Answer 5

Liniments

Question 6

– are liquid preparations intended for application to the skin of mucus surfaces possessing antiseptic, astringent, caustic or analgesic properties. Such as log paints used by some equine practitioners for the astringent and counter irritant effects.

Answer 6

Paints

Question 7

– preparations intended for dilution with water to make an insecticidal wash in which animals may be completely immersed in order to kill ectoparasites or to prevent reinfestation.

Answer 7

Dips

Question 8

– suspensions of a powder dispersed in water and administered orally.
Example:

Answer 8

Drenches

Phenothiazine drench

Question 9

– dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid brought about by adding an emulsifying agent. Example:

Answer 9

Emulsions

soaps, cholesterol egg yolk

Question 10

– solutions carrying medicament intended for ophthalmic or otic administration

Answer 10

Drops

Question 11

– are usually topically applied aerosols elsewhere the medicament is force out with a propellant mixture of gases.

Answer 11

Sprays

Question 12

– usually sterile suspensions in fluid or semi fluid vehicle. Strict adherence to label instructions and withdrawal times is essential.

Answer 12

Intramammary injections

Question 13

– are semi-solid emulsions of polyethylene glycols, water miscible and are indicated on weeping lesions.

Answer 13

Cream

Question 14

– sterile pharmaceutal liquids or suspensions intended for parenteral administration by various routes. Advantages provide shorter onset of action, provide better control of the patient, provide a means of administration of rapidly biotrasformed drug ( epinephrine ) or poorly soluble drugs ( streptomycin ) in the GIT. Disadvantages expensive, painful, animal must be returned for medication, must be free from pyrogens, pH near blood if possible (7.4), oils should be of vegetable origin and bacteriostatic agent is usually required in multiple dose containers.

Answer 14

Injections

Question 15

– are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar with flavoring only (for use as vehicle) or with flavoring and medicinal ingredients, They have never been to practical use except for medication in dogs.

Answer 15

Syrups

Question 16

– are often used interchangeably with creams, immiscible with water, emollient in action by forming an occlusive film which prevents escape of moisture from the skin to the environment and are indicated for dry lessons.

Answer 16

Ointments

Question 17

– a semisolid preparation used topically to carry medicaments intended to alleviate and inflamed area, supplying any or of the following: drugs, heat, and moisture.

Answer 17

Poultices (cataplasms)

Question 18

– are semisolid medications melting or softening at body temperature for insertion into a certain body orifices of the body (rectal, urethreal, etc.)

Answer 18

Suppositories

Question 19

– mixtures of drugs in dry powder form intended for internal or external use.

Answer 19

Powders

Question 20

– are generally defined as medicated solid masses of various sizes and shapes.

Answer 20

Tablets

Question 21

• are large tablets intended for oral or intrauterine administration.

Answer 21

Boluses

Question 22

– are gelatin shells which may be filled with solids (hard shells) or liquids (soft shells) drugs. Most convenient form for oral administration.

Answer 22

Capsules

Question 23

– meant for continuous absorption of medical substances by the body and for this the pellets are implanted inside the body e.g hormone implants.

Answer 23

Implants

Question 24

– sometimes called pellets are a modification of powders which have been lumped together to improved solubility or mask unpleasant taste.

Answer 24

Granules

Question 25

– a solid dosage form in which an active ingredient, such as a coccidiostat, production enhancer, or nutritional supplement is formulated with excipients. This is mixed homogeneously with feed at rates that range from a few milligrams to 200 g/ton of feed.

Answer 25

Premix

Question 26

– a compressed feed material that contains an active ingredient such as anthelmintic, surfactant (for bloat prevention), or a nutritional supplement and is commonly packaged in cardboard box.

Answer 26

Medicated block