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Pharmacy Tech Training > Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

What are capsules?

A

Oblong, gelatin containers filled with medication

Most are intended to be swallowed and absorbed through the GI tract

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2
Q

What inactive ingredients are commonly found in capsules?

A
  • Diluents
  • Disintegrants
  • Preservatives
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3
Q

What are gelcaps?

A

Capsules filled with liquid medication

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4
Q

How should most capsules be taken?

A

Swallowed whole

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5
Q

What can happen if certain capsules are opened?

A
  • Incorrect dosing
  • Destruction of release mechanism
  • Poor tolerability
  • Handling concerns
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6
Q

What are tablets?

A

Produced by compression

Most are intended to be swallowed and absorbed through the GI tract

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7
Q

What are the inactive ingredients in tablets?

A
  • Binders
  • Diluents
  • Disintegrants
  • Lubricating agents
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8
Q

What are standard compressed tablets known as?

A

Plain tablets (SCT)

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9
Q

What are multiple compressed tablets (MCT)?

A

Layered tablets

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10
Q

What are caplets?

A

Tablets shaped like capsules

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11
Q

What should be done with tablets that have a score line?

A

They can be split

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12
Q

What is the risk of chewing a tablet not formulated to be chewed?

A

Tolerability or dosing issues

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13
Q

What is the purpose of coating on tablets?

A

Prevents tablet from dissolving in stomach

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14
Q

What types of coatings are there for tablets?

A
  • Enteric-coated
  • Film-coated
  • Buffered coatings
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15
Q

What are buccal tablets designed for?

A

Placed in between cheek and gum and dissolve slowly in the mouth

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16
Q

What is the benefit of sublingual tablets?

A

Dissolve rapidly and are absorbed through the blood vessels under the tongue

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17
Q

What is a characteristic of chewable tablets?

A

Intended to be chewed before swallowing

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18
Q

What does ODT stand for?

A

Oral Disintegrating Tablets

19
Q

What are effervescent tablets?

A

Contain mixtures of acids and bicarbonates that release carbon dioxide

20
Q

How should effervescent tablets be administered?

A

Dissolved in water first, then administered like a drink

21
Q

What are lozenges also known as?

A

Troches

22
Q

What are thin strips in medication?

A

Small films that melt in the mouth

23
Q

What are controlled-release tablets and capsules designed for?

A

Releases medication over an extended period of time

24
Q

What are the different types of controlled-release mechanisms?

A
  • LA (long-acting)
  • TR (timed-release)
  • SA (sustained-action)
  • ER (extended-release)
  • SR (sustained-release)
25
Q

What should be noted about dosage forms with the same active ingredient?

A

They are not therapeutically equivalent

26
Q

What are liquid oral dosage forms?

A

Forms of medication taken by mouth that are in liquid state

Includes solutions, suspensions, elixirs, syrups, spirits, tinctures, and fluid extracts.

27
Q

Define solutions in the context of liquid oral dosage forms.

A

Solute is completely dissolved in a solvent

Often clear and transparent, can contain coloring, flavors, sweeteners, and preservatives.

28
Q

What distinguishes suspensions from solutions?

A

Solid particles are dispersed in a liquid, but not completely dissolved

Suspensions are cloudy and colored, and often contain a thickening agent.

29
Q

What is the purpose of the ‘shake well’ auxiliary label on suspensions?

A

Indicates that the product must be mixed before administration

Ensures proper distribution of the solid particles.

30
Q

Describe elixirs.

A

Clear, sweetened, flavored, hydroalcoholic mixtures

Useful for drugs that do not dissolve in water alone.

31
Q

What are syrups in liquid oral dosage forms?

A

Concentrated solutions of sugar in water

May or may not contain active ingredients and usually contain little to no alcohol.

32
Q

What defines spirits in liquid oral dosage forms?

A

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances

They contain a high percentage of alcohol and should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers.

33
Q

What are tinctures?

A

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable extracts

Commonly used for herbal preparations.

34
Q

Define fluid extracts.

A

Liquid extracts of vegetable drugs that contain alcohol as a solvent

They contain higher amounts of alcohol and are more potent than tinctures.

35
Q

What does reconstitution involve?

A

Adding a specific amount of water or another diluent to a powder to create a solution or suspension

It’s essential to check product labeling for specific instructions.

36
Q

List the steps involved in the reconstitution procedure.

A
  • Determine amount of water/liquid needed
  • Measure water in appropriate device
  • Tap and invert stock bottle
  • Add 1/2 to 2/3 of total amount of water
  • Shake bottle vigorously
  • Add remaining water
  • Shake bottle vigorously

Ensures proper mixing and stability.

37
Q

What auxiliary labels are needed for suspensions?

A

‘Shake Well’

Indicates the need to mix before use.

38
Q

What auxiliary labels are needed for reconstituted powders?

A
  • ‘Use by date’
  • ‘Refrigerate’ when applicable
  • ‘Do not refrigerate’ when applicable

Ensures proper storage and usage.

39
Q

What is the role of calibrated dosing devices?

A

Ensures the proper amount of medication is administered

Important for accurate dosing.

40
Q

What are household spoons used for in liquid medication?

A

Can range from 2 mL to 10 mL

Can lead to over- or underdosing if not calibrated.

41
Q

Describe oral syringes.

A

Consist of a plunger, cannula (barrel), without a needle

Good for measuring small, exact amounts of liquid medication.

42
Q

What are dosing cups used for?

A

Have demarcations for measuring teaspoons or tablespoons

Suitable for medications that don’t require precise small amounts.

43
Q

What is the function of droppers in liquid medications?

A

Contain a small, squeezable bulb at one end and a hollow tube at the other end

May be calibrated to match the viscosity of the medication for proper dosing.

Pharmacy Tech Training (4 decks)

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