Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is the main function of the heart?
Pumps blood to lungs to get oxygen (oxygenated), and then pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body’s cells and tissues.
What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?
Atria
What is an arrythmia?
Heart beats irregularly.
What is atrial fibrillation?
Top chambers of heart don’t beat normally and can cause blood clots.
What is heart failure?
Heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood appropriately from the heart.
What are the three types of blood vessels?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
What do arteries do?
Carry oxygenated blood to organs.
What do veins do?
Carry non-oxygenated blood from organs.
What is the function of capillaries?
Connect arteries to veins.
What is hypertension?
Blood pressure is too high in the blood vessels.
What can hypertension lead to?
- Rupturing of blood vessels
- Stroke
- Organ damage
What is hypercholesteremia?
Cholesterol (fat) builds up in the arteries.
What is an embolism?
Blood clot forms and blocks blood flow to an organ.
What is dermatitis?
Inflammation of the skin.
What is eczema?
Dry, itchy patches of skin.
What is psoriasis?
Patches of thick, red skin due to a buildup of skin cells.
What does acne result from?
Hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells.
What is the most common cancer in the U.S.?
Skin cancer.
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
Secretes hormones that regulate organ function in the body.
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
Thyroid hormone responsible for cell metabolism.
What is hypothyroidism?
Thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone.
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
- Weight gain
- Hair thinning
- Depression
What is hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone.
What does the pancreas secrete?
Insulin and glucagon to decrease and increase blood glucose.
What is diabetes?
Condition that occurs when blood sugar is too high for a long period of time.
What are the two types of diabetes?
- Type 1 (insulin dependent)
- Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent)
What is the function of the mouth in the gastrointestinal system?
Chews and swallows food or medications.
What is the function of the esophagus?
Pipe from mouth to stomach.
What is acid reflux?
Acid from stomach travels up the esophagus, causing burning.
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver due to alcohol, medications, or viral infections.
What are hemorrhoids?
Swollen, inflamed veins in anus or lower rectum due to straining or pregnancy.
What is colon cancer?
Abnormal tumor growth in the colon or rectum that can spread to other parts of the body.
What do acid reducers do?
Lower acid in the stomach to prevent acid reflux.
What do laxatives do?
Help relieve constipation by stimulating muscles in the bowels.
What are the symptoms of constipation?
Hard stools caused by too much water being absorbed from feces.
What are the symptoms of diarrhea?
Loose stools caused by not enough water being absorbed by the GI tract.
What does IBS stand for?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
What is IBS?
Chronic inflammation of the bowels; can cause diarrhea or constipation.
What is the definition of Anatomy?
Structure and location of a specific body part
Anatomy focuses on the physical aspects of the body.
Provide an example of Anatomy.
Heart is located in the chest
The heart consists of two top chambers (atria) and two bottom chambers (ventricles).
What is the definition of Physiology?
Function of a specific body part
Physiology deals with how body parts work.
Provide an example of Physiology.
Heart pumps blood throughout the body
This highlights the heart’s role in circulation.
How does Anatomy & Physiology help pharmacy technicians?
Helps technicians communicate with prescriber’s offices and serve patient’s needs better
Understanding A & P is essential for effective communication in healthcare.
What role does Anatomy & Physiology play in medication error prevention?
Helps technicians identify when a diagnosis doesn’t match a medication that has been prescribed
This knowledge is critical for ensuring patient safety.
What exams require knowledge of Anatomy and Physiology?
Exam for the Certification of Pharmacy Technicians (ExCPT) and Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) certification exam
These exams assess the competency of pharmacy technicians.
Fill in the blank: Anatomy focuses on the __________ and location of a specific body part.
structure
Fill in the blank: Physiology is concerned with the __________ of a specific body part.
function
True or False: Anatomy includes the study of how organs work together.
False
Anatomy is primarily about structure, while physiology addresses function.
