Dosage Forms Flashcards
Oral dosage forms
Tablets
Liquid
Tablet Qualities
Leave a chalky film on tray
Clean tray especially after penicillins and sulfa
Can be scored for breaking
Types of Tablets
Buccal (between cheek and gum)
Sublingual (under tongue)
Chewable
Absorption of Tablets
Enteric coated (dissolve in small intestine)
Troches and lozenges (held in mouth; absorbed over time)
Capsules (gelatin shell)
Effervescent (dissolve in water and drink)
Special note on gelatin shells
Gelatin shell attracts dust from the tray…clean it!
Release characteristics
IR (immediate) unless otherwise defined
Over time
CR
Controlled Release
ER/XR
Extended Release
LA release
Long Acting
DR
Delayed Release
SA release
Sustained Action
Liquid Formulations
Solution
Suspension
Reconstitutable
Elixir
Spirit
Syrup
Emulsion
Solution
Medicine equally distributed in water
Suspension
Settles to bottom - SHAKE WELL
Reconstitutable (type of suspension)
Comes powdered, add distilled water
Short shelf life; make when picked up
WAIT FOR PATIENT to reconstitute
Lasts 7-14 days
Often refrigerated
Elixir
Alcohol
Water
Active ingredient
Spirit
higher concentration of alcohol
water
active ingredient
Syrup
Sugar
Water
Active ingredient
Do not sweeten
Emulsion
Oil
Water
Active ingredient
SHAKE WELL
Notes on shaking
Shake before giving to patient
Patient shakes before taking
Auxiliary label - “SHAKE WELL” for suspensions and emulsions
Use container not too big and not too small when reconstituting
Roman numerals on bottles indicating size
i
ii
iv
vi
viii
1 Fluid Once approximately equals
30 mL
30 mL approximately equals
1 fl oz
Topical Forms
Cream
Lotion
Ointment
Colloidon
Liniment
Matrix
Cream
Absorbs fast
Small areas
provides little protection
Lotion
Absorbs fast
Larger areas
More water content
Ointment
Greasy
Absorbs slow
greater protection than cream or lotion
Colloidon
Syrup-like liquid
Dries clear
Close small wounds, abrasions, cuts
(Liquid Band-Aid)
Liniment
Typically for pain
Heat on large areas
Temporary relief of muscle pain
(Icy Hot)
Matrix
Gel-like
Locks medicine in cube
Slowly releases active ingredient over time
(transdermal patch)
Otic
Ear
Non-sterile
DO NOT PUT IN EYE
Ophthalmic
Eye
ALWAYS STERILE
can be used in ear
Wording Routes of Administration - ORAL
adult - TAKE X tabs by mouth
child - GIVE X tabs by mouth
Wording Routes of Administration - EXTERNAL
APPLY to affected area
Wording Routes of Administration - SUPPOSITORY
INSERT X into rectum/vagina
Wording Routes of Administration - DROPS
INSTILL X drops into left/right/both eye(s)/ear(s)
Wording Routes of Administration - NEBULIZER
USE X VIAL via nebulizer
Wording Routes of Administration - INHALER
INHALE X PUFF(s) by mouth
Wording Routes of Administration - NASAL SPRAY
INHALE X PUFF(s) into each nostril
Prescription origins (4)
Written (typed, printed, handwritten)
Fax (KEEP HEADER AND FOOTER)
Phoned (ONLY PHARMACIST)
Electronic (secure link)
Requirements of all non-controlled prescriptions
Doctor name/contact info
Doctor signature
Date
Patient name
Medication name
Medication strength
Medication dosage form
medication route of administration
Directions
Quantity
Refills
DAW
Sample quantities
5
Disp 5
DTD 5 (give of 5 doses)
V
v
5
Five
Q.S. (quantity sufficient - dispense the necessary quantity to fill the prescription)
DAW Code 0
0 - unchecked box
Dispense generic when available
Written for brand - it is legal and commonplace to dispense generic when available but required by law to have “GENERIC FOR” on label
DAW Code 1
1 - checked box
“brand name medically necessary”
Doctor mandates to dispense brand
DAW Code 2
2 - unchecked box
PATIENT wants brand name, so dispense brand
Brand vs. Generic
BRAND - Patent for 12-15 years to recoup cost
GENERIC - same active/inactive ingredients
same pharmacokinetics
therapeutic equivalent
Generics that are NOT as good as brand
Lanoxin - digoxin
Coumadin - warfarin sodium
Synthroid - levothyroxine sodium
very small change in dose can result in undesired consequences
