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Developmental Neurobiology > Dorsoventral Patterning of the CNS > Flashcards

Dorsoventral Patterning of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of neuralation

A

transforms mediolateral into dorsoventral polarity

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2
Q

what does the dorsal SC contain

A

interneurons

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3
Q

what does the ventral SC contain

A

motor neurons and interneurons

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4
Q

where do afferent fibres project

A

towards the CNS (contain pseudounipolar neurons)

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5
Q

where do efferent fibres project

A

motor axons

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6
Q

what does a gain of function experiment show

A

sufficiency

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7
Q

what does a loss of function experiment show

A

requirement

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8
Q

what does the floorplate and notochord secrete

A

Shh (sonic hedgehog) which patterns the ventral SC

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9
Q

what does Shh loss of function cause

A

malformed head
affects limbs

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10
Q

what is HB9

A

antibody against genetic markers of motor neurons

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11
Q

Shh gain of function experiment (ex vivo)

A

piece of lateral neural plate
interneuron region
1nm Shh - motor neurons
10nm Shh - floorplate
dose dependent induction of ventral neural progenitors

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12
Q

French Flag model requirements

A

specifies multiple cell fates (>2)
acts over distance (multiple cells)
acts directly on receiving cells

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13
Q

receptors in the Shh signalling pathway

A

PTC - multimembrane transmembrane that sits on primary cilia in absence of Shh
SMO - GPCR

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14
Q

GLIr

A

TF repressor
inhibits gene expression
SMO move to cilia via exocytosis
PTC moves intracellular

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15
Q

GLIa

A

TF activator

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16
Q

GLI activity gradient

A

less Shh - GLI3R
more Shh - GLI2A
GLI1A

17
Q

Class I & Class II homeodomain transcription factors

A

Dbx2 - Class I - TF in dorsal spinal cord - low Shh

Nkx6.1 - Class II - TF in ventral spinal cord - high Shh

sharp boundaries, no overlap

18
Q

what does Shh activate and repress

A

Shh represses Class I TF Pax6 expressed in absence of Shh

Shh activates Class II TFs Nkx2.2

19
Q

Gain of function chick in vivo electroporation

A

B-actin enhancer - GFP (transcribes and expressed)
inject DNA via needle
DNA (-) ectopic (+)
cheap and easy

20
Q

mutual repression of Class I and Class II TFs

A

Class I Pax6 expressed dorsally downregulates Nkx2.2 (expressed ventrally)

Nkx2.2 does not downregulate Nkx6.1
pax6 represses Nkx2.2, nkx2.2 represses pax6
class I and class II sharpened by mutual expression

21
Q

role of orthogonal gradient

A

pattern the neural tube in a quasi-cartesian coordinate system
morphogens: Shh and Wnt

22
Q

ventral midbrain (tegmentum) patterning

A

in concentric arcs which express transcription factors (FOX2A,PHOX2A,GATA2, Hx)

23
Q

what does Shh duplication in the MB cause

A

duplication of arcs

24
Q

what do Shh mutants cause

A

holoprosencephaly
HPE
FB disorder

25
Q

what does a constant Shh dose cause

A

progressive ventralisation
1nm OLIG2 = MN
4nm Nkx2.2 = ventral

26
Q

Tg (GBS-GFP) reporter mouse

A

high Shh - GFP ON
low Shh - GFP OFF

27
Q

what does response depend on

A

-signal intensity
-signal identity(more likely)

28
Q

role of retinoic acid

A

specifies V1 interneurons
(produced by somites)

29
Q

what do the roofplate and ectoderm secrete

A

Wnt1, wnt3a
BMP4,BMP5,BMP7,OSLI,GDF6/7,activinB

30
Q

what is GDF7 (BMP) required for

A

D1A interneurons (dorsal markers)
D1A and D1B dorsal interneurons derived from common mATH1-positive progenitor domain
GDF7 KO = D1A absent

31
Q

what do D1A and D1B express

A

D1A - LH2A (dorsal) and LH2B (ventral)
D1B - LH2B

32
Q

dorsal and ventral morphogen expression

A

ventral - dose dependent Shh
dorsal - dose dependent Wnt

33
Q

wnt compensation

A

LH2 or Wnt1/3a

34
Q

wnt1/3a sufficient to induce neural fates

A

wnt3a induces LH2A and islet1 in medial explants

dorsalisation of medial explants by wnt3a is BMP independent

35
Q

wnt or bmp, what is a stronger inducing factor?

A

wnt

Developmental Neurobiology (19 decks)

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