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Developmental Neurobiology > Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis > Flashcards

Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Define adult neurogenesis (postnatal)

A

process in which neurons are generated from neural stem cells in the adult. This process differs from prenatal development.

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2
Q

what can NSCs form

A

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
neurons

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3
Q

where is adult neurogenesis limited to

A

subventricular zone (SVZ) in the lateral ventricle
subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus

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4
Q

steps of NP proliferation

A

NPs proliferate and migrate from the granule cell layer
NPs differentiate
NPs receive inputs from the entorhinal cortex
project to CA3

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5
Q

what is NeuN

A

neuronal marker

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6
Q

what is CAG GFP

A

retrovirus labelling

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7
Q

Type 1 cells

A

quiescent radial NSCs GFAP+ SOX2+ coexist with type 2 cells

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8
Q

Type 2 cells

A

actively proliferating, GFAP- Sox2+ nonradial (rounded) that generate both astrocytes and neuroblasts

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9
Q

neuroblasts

A

migrate into the granule cell layer and mature into neurons

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10
Q

what is sox2

A

TF essential for maintaining self renewal

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11
Q

how to measure neurogenesis

A

carbon dating 14C

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12
Q

adult neurogenesis in rodents

A

70% of bulbar neurons are replaced during a 6 week period

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13
Q

adult neurogenesis in humans

A

700 new neurons in the hippocampus everyday

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14
Q

non neurogenic region NSCs (SC)

A

transplant in DG/SVZ - neurons
transplant in SC - no neurons

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15
Q

neurogenic region DG/SVZ NSCs

A

transplant in DG/SVZ - neurons
transplant in SC - no neurons

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16
Q

NP microenvironment

A

astrocytes (push NPs to become neurons)
endothelial cells
blood vessels (highly vascularised/blood vessels converge)

17
Q

what is laminin required for

A

cell adhesion

18
Q

role of neonatal astrocytes

A

form the largest neuronal culture

19
Q

which growth factors are required for NSC proliferation

A

FGF-2
CCG
EGF

20
Q

what is BrdU

A

NSC marker

21
Q

what signalling is required for control of neurogenesis regulation

A

wnt signalling

22
Q

where is wnt expressed

A

granule cell layer
wnt expression causes more neuronal and neuroblast expression via DAPI and DCX markers respectively

23
Q

what occurs in DN wnt signalling

A

drop in newborn neurons

24
Q

role of adult neurogenesis in learning and memory

A

-increases spatial memory capacity (MWM)
-reduce interference between memories (pattern separation)
-add information about time to new memories
-disturb established context (too much neurogenesis)

25
Q

what is pattern separation

A

ability to distinguish between certain memories

26
Q

what can too much neurogenesis cause

A

infantile amnesia

27
Q

depression and adult hippocampal neurogenesis

A

treatment can promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis
antidepressant Prozac (SSRI)

28
Q

neurodegenerative disorders

A

AD/PD
mood and cognition

29
Q

how does AD affect neurogenesis

A

AHN affected
neuronal loss
amyloid deposition
inflammation

30
Q

factors which increase neurogenesis

A

learning
sexual intercourse
exercise
running

31
Q

factors which decrease neurogenesis

A

chronic stress
chronic sleep deprivation
ageing causes pattern separation

32
Q

ageing assay

Villeda et al., 2011

A

young-young (isochronic) young-old (heterochronic) old-old (isochronic)

fuse mice circulatory system, attach for 3 months then detach
inject plasma - old mice plasma in young mice cause decreased neurogenesis

33
Q

factors in diet

A

food texture
food content
meal frequency
calorie restriction

34
Q

dietary factors which increase neurogenesis

A

calorie restriction (intermittant fasting then feeding)
omega 3 fatty acids
flavonoids
coffee

35
Q

dietary factors which decrease neurogenesis

A

soft diet (texture)
caffeine
ethanol

Developmental Neurobiology (19 decks)

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