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Neurology > Dopamine > Flashcards

Dopamine Flashcards

1
Q

What is dopamine?

A

Dopamine is a chemical messenger involved in various pathways throughout the brain.

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2
Q

What functions are aided by dopamine?

A

Voluntary movement
Emotions and reward
Vomiting.

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3
Q

What are the stages of dopamine synthesis?

A

Glycine - Alanine - Phenylalanine - Tyrosine - Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) - Dopamine.

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4
Q

Why can we not give pure dopamine to a patient with Parkinson’s disease?

A

Dopamine cannot cross the blood brain barrier.

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5
Q

How is dopamine affected within Parkinson’s disease?

A

Degeneration of dopamine cells in the substantial nigra and dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia.

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6
Q

What is the typical presentation of Parkinson’s?

A

Stiff
Slow movements
Postural changes
Tremor

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7
Q

What are the 2 pathways of dopamine metabolism?

A

Dopamine - Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid - Homovanillic acid.

Dopamine - 3-methoxytryptamine (3MT) - Homovanillic acid.

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8
Q

What enzyme catalyses dopamine to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid?

A

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)

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9
Q

Which enzyme catalyses dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to homovanillic acid?

A

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

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10
Q

Which enzyme catalyses dopamine to 3MT?

A

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

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11
Q

Which enzyme catalyses 3MT to homovanillic acid?

A

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)

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12
Q

Give an example of a dopaminergic precursor?

A

Levodopa - can cross the blood brain barrier.

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13
Q

What are the 2 classes of dopamine agonists?

A

Ergots and Non-ergots

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14
Q

Give some examples of Ergots?

A

Bromocriptine
Pergolide
Cabergoline

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15
Q

Give some examples of Non-ergots?

A

Ropinirole
Rotigotine
Pramipexole

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16
Q

Give some examples of enzyme inhibitors that effect the metabolism of dopamine?

A

MAO-B inhibitor - Selegiline, Rasagiline, Safinamide.
COMT inhibitor - Entacapone, Tolcapone

These increase the effects of levodopa.

17
Q

What are some side effects of dopaminergic drugs?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Psychosis
Impulsivity and abnormal behaviours - public indecency, binge eating, gambling, shopping addiction.

18
Q

What is the advantage of Domperidone?

A

Domperidone is a dopamine antagonist that does not cross the blood brain barrier, therefore it does not worsen PD whilst also improving side effect symptoms.

Neurology (10 decks)

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