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SBB ASCP > Donors Quizlet Decks (1&2) > Flashcards

Donors Quizlet Decks (1&2) Flashcards

1
Q

The donor screen is a process governed by: (3)

A

FDA
AABB
CAP

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2
Q

Screening of each donor can be divided into

three phases:

A
  1. Registration
  2. Health history interview
  3. Physical examination
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3
Q

Registration requirements

A 
Picture Identification
Address 
Phone number
Answer Questions
Record of Previous Donations and Deferrals
Written Informed Consent
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4
Q

What is in the written informed consent?

A

Permission to:

  • to obtain medical history,
  • draw a unit of blood,
  • test a sample of blood, and
  • inform the donor of any abnormal test result
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5
Q

Information Provided To The Donor:

A

1) Risk associated with donation
2) Clinical signs and symptoms associated with HIV/ AIDS:
- Test performed on the blood sample
- Confidential unit exclusion
- Informed consent
- Post phlebotomy advice
- Notification of any abnormal test result

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6
Q

Record Keeping

A

1) Must ensure that documentation provided fully identifies the donor
2) Records must be retained indefinitely
3) Should include pre-screening for donor eligibility status and confirm that
- Donor information is correct
- Sufficient time has passed since last donation
- The donor has not been previously deferred

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7
Q

Informed Consent

A

1) Donor must sign a consent to allow the collection and use of their blood by blood center personnel
- Must be explained in terms the donor can understand
- Donor must be allowed to ask questions
2) Donor must have read and understood the information regarding infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion
3) Donor has given truthful response to questions

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8
Q

Confidential Unit Exclusion

A
  • Not mandated by regulatory agencies
  • Important to allow donors with risk factors a way to “save face” if pressured to donate
  • The donor may also not want to reveal disease status to the blood center personnel
  • Can be a barcode the donor applies to collection bag, or to call a phone number
  • Opportunity to allow blood unit to be discarded after donation
  • Bar-code label
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9
Q

Health History Interview

A
  • Criteria used to accept donors is regulated by the FDA
  • AABB Uniform Donor History Questionnaire is recommended
  • Donor may be allowed to donate, deferred indefinitely, permanently, or temporarily based on history
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10
Q

Why is a Donor History Questionnaire Necessary?

A
  1. We cannot test for all diseases (CJD)
  2. Tests do not catch everyone with a disease or virus, especially early in the infection period.
  3. Try to eliminate donations from those with risky behavior (i.e. intravenous drug use)
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11
Q

AIDS Deferral

Risk factors include:

A
  • prior diagnosis of HIV
  • males who have had sex with at least one other male since 1977
  • history of IV drug use
  • Haitians
  • Hemophiliacs
  • Prostitutes
  • sex for drugs
  • sexual partner of any of the above
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12
Q

Hepatitis Deferral:

A
  • HBV/HCV (permanent referral)
  • History of hepatitis after their 11th birthday
  • Positive test for HBsAg or hepatitis C antibody
  • Donor whose unit of blood can be linked to transfusion HBV, IV drug users
  • Received human source pituitary growth hormone
  • Donors with yellow jaundice
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13
Q

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Deferral:

A
  • 14 days deferral for donors that have traveled to endemic countries
  • 28 day deferral for donors that have been diagnosed with SARS
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14
Q

West Nile Virus Deferral:

A
  • Donors with active infection deferred 14 days after resolution of the disease, and 28 days after onset of fever or diagnosis of WNV
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15
Q

Prion Disease Indefinite Deferral:

A
  • Any donor that has spent 3 months or more in the UK between 1980-1996
  • Any donor that received injection of bovine insulin manufactured from cattle in the UK since 1980
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16
Q

Prion Disease Permanent Deferral:

A
  • Donor has had a dura mater transplant
  • A relative with CJD
  • Has been in Europe for greater than 5 years since 1980
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17
Q

Deferrals >/=12 months for Recipient Protection:

A
  • Accidental needle stick
  • Close contact to yellow jaundice
  • Transfusions of blood or blood products
  • Exposed to animal needing rabies vaccine
  • GC or syphilis shall be deferred for 12 months
    after completion of antibiotic therapy
  • Travels to areas endemic for malaria
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18
Q

Parasitic Disease Deferral: (4 types and lengths)

A
  • Malaria: 3-year deferral if you lived in a country endemic for malaria or if you have had a diagnosis of malaria.
  • Babesiosis infection (deertick): permanent deferral
  • Chagas disease (T. cruzi): indefinite deferral
  • Personnel stationed in Iraq: due to Leishmaniasis (sandfly), deferral for 1 year from last date of departure
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19
Q

Blood Disease Deferrals (2 main types)

A
  • Cancers: lymphomas and leukemias are permanent deferral, others are at discretion of physician
  • Diseases of the blood are permanent deferrals (such as sickle cell anemia)
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20
Q

Deferrals Due to Antibiotic therapy

A

10 day deferral after the last dose and infection must be cleared up

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21
Q

Deferrals Due to Aspirin therapy

A

48 hour deferral if platelets are being prepared

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22
Q

Vaccination 2 week Deferment

A
  • Measles (Rubeola)
  • Mumps
  • Rubella
  • Polio
  • Yellow Fever
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23
Q

Vaccination 4 week Deferment

A
  • German Measles (Rubella)

- Varicella-Zoster (Chicken Pox)

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24
Q

Vaccination 21 day Deferment:

A
  • Hepatitis B Vaccine
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25
Q

Vaccination 1 year Deferment:

A
  • Rabies

- Hepatitis B Ig

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26
Q

Physical Exam requirements (5)

A
  • General appearance must be ‘healthy’
  • Weight (≥ 110 pounds no restrictions)
  • Temperature (< 37.5oC or <99.5oF)
  • Skin lesions: venipuncture site must be free of lesions
  • Look for signs of IV drug abuse (indefinite deferral)
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27
Q

Hemoglobin Requirements Allogeneic

A

Women 12.5 mg/dL

Men 13 mg/dL

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28
Q

Hematocrit Requirements Allogeneic

A

Women 38%

Men 39%

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29
Q

Hemoglobin Requirements Autologous

A

11 mg/dL

30
Q

Hematocrit Requirements Autologous

A

33%

31
Q

Amount of blood drawn:

A

about 450 ml plus pilot tubes for testing

32
Q

Pilot tubes are used for:

A
  • infectious disease testing
  • ABO typing
  • antibody screening
33
Q

Unique ID number must be affixed to: (4)

A
  • primary bag
  • satellite bags
  • sample tubes
  • donor registration form
34
Q

Cleaning Venipuncture Area

A
  • Scrub area with detergent solution
  • acetone alcohol
  • iodine
  • acetone-alcohol again
35
Q

Adverse Donor Reactions

A
  • Usually vasovagal, which may include: sweating, rapid breathing, dizziness, nausea, or fainting
36
Q

What to do for donor reactions:

A

Tourniquet and needle should be removed at first sign of a reaction

37
Q

Advise donor that post donation he/she should:

A
  • Refrain from smoking for at least 30 minutes
  • Drink more fluids than usual over the next four hours
  • Don’t consume alcohol until after eating a meal
  • Advise donor that normal activities can be resumed as long as he is asymptomatic.
  • Inform center if symptoms persist
38
Q

Autologous Donations

A
  • Are those that are donated by a person in order to be transfused back into that same person at a later date - - - Done prior to surgery
  • Much safer for the person
  • cannot be released into the general public if unused
39
Q

Directed Donations

A
  • Recipients choose their own donors (usually a family member or friend)
  • must meet the same criteria as regular donors
  • if not used by the intended recipient, go into the general pool
40
Q

What is Apheresis

A
  • A category of procedures in which whole blood is removed from a donor or unit and a component is mechanically removed
  • Separates components from one another largely based on density
41
Q

Anticoagulant for Apheresis

A

sodium citrate

42
Q

The following components are commonly collected by Apheresis:

A
  • Platelets (only method in some blood centers)
  • Leukocytes (stem cells for stem cell transplants)
  • Plasma
  • Red blood cells (double reds, meaning 2 units)
43
Q

Apheresis - Advantages Platelets

A
  • Can donate platelets more frequently (every 14 days)

- Can donate 5-6X more platelets at one time

44
Q

Apheresis - Advantages Red Cells

A
  • Can donate 2 red cell units at one time (every 16 weeks)
45
Q

Apheresis - Advantages Stem Cells

A

Can purify stem cells without puncturing the iliac crest

46
Q

Donation interval for whole blood

A

8 weeks

47
Q

Donation interval after infrequent plasmapheresis

A

4 weeks

48
Q

Donation interval after plasma-, platelet-, or leukapheresis

A

> 2 days

49
Q

Pulse criteria

A

facility defined usually 50-100 w/no irregularity

50
Q

Temperature criteria

A

< or = 99.5 F (37.5 C)

51
Q

Blood pressure criteria

A

<180/100 (systolic/diastolic) facility defined

52
Q

Vaccines with no deferral

A 
influenza
pneumonia
tetanus 
meningitis
HPV Vaccine
SHINGRIX (shingles vaccine)
NOT Zostavax, the live shingles vaccine (4 weeks)
53
Q

Rabies Vaccine deferral

A
  • Accept if prophylactic injection for occupation.

- Defer 12 months if bite sustained.

54
Q

12 month deferral (infectious disease risk)

A
  • Blood to exposed mucous membrane
  • tattoos or permanent makeup
  • sexual contact with confirmed +Hepatitis or HIV or at risk for HIV
  • incarcerated for 72 consecutive hours
  • completion of therapy for syphilis or gonorrhea.
  • Travel to malaria region
55
Q

How long is a donor deferred if they have been symptom free following the diagnosis of malaria or unexplained symptoms while living or traveling in an endemic area

A

3 years

56
Q

How long is a donor deferred after leaving an endemic area for which they resided in for at least 5 years

A

3 years

57
Q

How long is a donor deferred after a + test or symptoms suggestive of west nile virus

A

120 days

58
Q

What is the unit amount drawn for a patient less than 50kg

A

300-404mL

59
Q

If the unit is less than 300mL, what should be done to prevent storage lesions in small units

A

remove anticoagulant

60
Q

What is the formula to calculate draw volume for small units

A

(donor wgt kg/50) or (donor wgt lbs/110) x 450mL

61
Q

How is the amount of anticoagulant needed in small units calculated?

A

(vol to draw/100) x 14

62
Q

What is the anticoagulant:blood ratio when using CPD or CPDA-1 solutions?

A

1.4:10

63
Q

Preoperative/predeposit Autologous Donation

A

donation of units before surgery in case of need

64
Q

Perioperative Autologous Donation

A

donation involves preoperative hemodilution with saline and albumin in which blood is collected as surgery begins and reinfused during or after surgery

65
Q

Intraoperative Autologous Donation

A

donation involves collecting and reinfusing blood collected during surgery

66
Q

postoperative collection Autologous Donation

A

donation involves recovery of blood from drainage devices and reinfusion to patient

67
Q

Can Medically therapeutic Phlebotomy be used for blood transfusions?

A

No

68
Q

What is granted to the donor during informed consent

A

The opportunity to ask questions and refuse consent

69
Q

Why is tubing clamped near needle once the tourniquet is applied

A

To prevent air contamination

70
Q

How long should a collection be performed and what problems can prolonged collection times cause?

A

< 15mins.

- Platelets and plasma may not be used from that unit if the time is too long

71
Q

When is it necessary to have a procedure to notify the recipient’s physician and/or recipient?

A

For donors found with HIV and HCV

72
Q

When is the donor notified?

A

any medically significant abnormality detected during pre-donation evaluation or lab test results. Provide education, counseling or referral

SBB ASCP (8 decks)

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