(Done) Human resources (Paper 1) Flashcards
1
Q
Define hierarchal stucture
A
- Organisation structure based on layers
2
Q
List the four basic layers of staff within a hierarchal structure
A
- Directors
- Managers
- Supervisors
- Operatives
3
Q
Define directors
A
- People responsible for for the business’ strategy
- Decide on strategy and targets at regular board meetings
4
Q
Define managers
A
- People who carry out the director’s strategy
- A large firm may have senior, middle and junior managers
5
Q
Define supervisors
A
- People who look after specific projects or small teams of operatives
6
Q
Define operatives
A
- Workers who aren’t responsible for other staff
- Often given specific tasks to perform by managers or supervisors
7
Q
Define chain of command
A
- The chain connecting directors to operatives
8
Q
Define delegation
A
- When a certain amount of responsibility is passed on to people in the level bellow
9
Q
Define span of control
A
- The number of workers who report to one manager in a hierarchy
10
Q
Features of tall organisational structures
A
- Long chain of command with more layers of management
- Narrow span of control - Monitor employees more closely
11
Q
Features of flat organisational structures
A
- Short chain of command with less layers
- Wide span of control - Lots of employees to manage at once
12
Q
How does communication work in a tall organisational structure
A
- Communication up and down the hierarchy can be difficult and slow as more people need to pass on the message
13
Q
How does communication work in a flat organisation structure
A
- Communication up and down the hierarchy can be much faster because there are fewer layers of managment
14
Q
Define centralised organisational structure
A
- An organisational structure where all major decisions are made by one person or a few senior managers at the top of the hierarchy
15
Q
Features of centralised organisational structure
A
- Senior managers (tend) to have plenty of experience
- Decisions can take a long time to filter through the company and take effect
16
Q
Define decentralised organisational structure
A
- An organisational structure where the authority to make most decision is shared out
17
Q
Features of decentralised organisational structure
A
- Employees can use expert knowledge of their sector to make decisions
- Decisions can be made quickly as they don’t always need to be approved by a superior
- Inconsistencies may occur due to the differences in ways employees think and make decisions
18
Q
In what ways can sectors of a business businesses be organised
A
- Function
- Product
- Region
19
Q
What information must employers provide on a contract of employment (11)
A
- Job title
- Starting day
- Hours of work
- Starting pay
- Date of payment
- Where the employee will be working
- Holiday entitlement
- Sick pay
- Company pension
- Disciplinary procedures
- Length of notice before quitting
20
Q
Define full time contract
A
- Usually means working 35-40 hours a week
21
Q
Define part time contract
A
- Usually between 10-30 hours a week
22
Q
Define zero hour contract
A
- The employer doesn’t have to offer the employee any work at all, nor does the employee have to accept any work offered to them
23
Q
Define job description
A
- The title of the job, the main purpose of the job and the main duties of the job plus any occasional duties
- Who the job holder will report to and whether they will be responsible for any other staff
24
Q
Define person specification
A
- Lists the qualifications, experience, skills and attitudes needed for the job
25
Define internal recruitment
- Recruiting current employees into new roles
26
Define external recruitment
- Recruiting from outside the business
27
Define a curriculum vitae
- A summary of a persons personal details, skills, qualifications and interests
28
What types of tests can businesses use to choose who to employ
- Skills test - test whether the candidate has the abilities to do the job
- Aptitude test - Find out whether the candidate has the potential to learn how to do the job
- Personality tests - Used to asses the candidate's personal qualities
- Group tests - Find out whether the candidate can work as part of a team
29
Define induction training
- Training for new staff
- Introducing them to their fellow co workers and advising them of company rules and procedures
30
Define on-the-job training
- The employee learns how to do the job at the workplace
31
Define off-the-job training
- When staff learn away from their workplace
32
Benefits of training to employers
- Trained staff will be better at their jobs
- Training can help staff remain up to date with changes in the business
- Likely to make staff feel included
33
Benefits of training to employees
- Be able to do their jobs better, leading to job satisfaction and motivation
- Gaining new skills may mean they can be promoted to jobs with higher pay
34
Define time rate wages
- Paying workers by the hour
35
Define piece rate wages
- Paying workers depending on output
36
List and define the types of financial motivation
- Commission - This is paid to sales staff for every item they sell
- Profit sharing - Where a percentage of the company's profits is divided between employees
37
List and define the styles of business managment
- Authoritarian - Managers make decisions alone without consulting staff
- Paternalistic - Managers make decisions themselves but only after consultation with workers
- Democratic - Managers allow the workforce some influence over decisions
- Laissez-faire - Managers allow workers to perform tasks as they see fit, offering help if needed
38
Define fringe benefit
- Any reward that is not part of the worker's main income
- E.g. gym membership
