(Done) Christian beliefs, teachings and practices (Paper 1) Flashcards
Key denominations of Christianity
- Roman Catholic
- Protestant
- Orthodox
Beliefs about the nature of god (8)
- Omnipotent
- Benevolent
- Just judge
- Omniscient
- Eternal
- Transcendent
- Immanent
- Personal
The trinity Father beliefs (2)
- God of the Old Testament
- The “Father is a term used out of respect for God used by Jesus in the Gospels
The trinity Son beliefs (4)
- Incarnation of God in human form
- Both divine and human
- Immanent and personal part of God
- Understand human suffering
The trinity Holy spirit beliefs
- Presence of God in the world
- Immanent and impersonal
Biblical creation day 1 - 7
Day one - Light and darkness
Day two - The sky
Day three - Oceans, land and plants
Day four - Sun moon and stars
Day five - the creatures of the water and sky
Day six - land animals and people
Day seven - rest
Origin of humans
- God “created mankind in his own image”
- “the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground”
- “mad a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man”
Who are creationists
- People who take the biblical creation story literally word for word
What is an alternative Christian take on creation to creationists
- The biblical story of creation is more of a parable to scientific outlooks
What is original sin
- Eve eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge due to the serpent’s (lucifer) temptation
- This caused every proceeding human to be born with a flawed nature
Types of evil
- Moral Evil
- Natural Evil
What is Moral Evil
- Suffering brought about by the actions of people
- The person performing evil is able to make a choice about what is morally right or wrong
What is Natural Evil
- Suffering that is caused by the world
- Recent natural disasters may have been caused by human interference in the natural world, raising the question whether they are moral or natural evil
Why does the existence of evil raise a question on the existence of God
- Why would an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God allow evil to exist
Response to why does the existence of evil raise a question on the existence of God
- Evil is caused by Gods love for us allowing us to have free will
Christian beliefs about afterlife
- Heaven and Hell
- Soul lives on
- Body will be resurrected for judgment day
Beliefs about hell
- Place of torment and pain
- Place for nonbelievers and those who have led bad lives
Beliefs about heaven
- Place of beauty and serenity
- Paradise with God
What do Christians believe Jesus will do in the Last Judgement
- Return to earth in the second coming (Parousia)
What do Christians believe will happen during the Last judgment
- Everyone who has died will be resurrected
- God will judge everyone, those who he finds acceptable will enter heaven, the others will enter hell
- Sheep and Goats parable
Christian beliefs about God in incarnation
- God in human form though Jesus
- Fully God and Fully man
Christian beliefs about crucifixtion
- God understanding human suffering
- The atonement - Repairing the relationship between god and mankind
Christian beliefs about resurrection
- Proves life after death - death becomes less frightening
- Shows god’s power through the ability to resurrect people from the dead
- Proof that Jesus was the son of God
Christian beliefs about ascention
- Shows Jesus’ power - “as the right hand of the mighty God”
Christian beliefs about salvation
- Jesus’ suffering and death won forgiveness for everyone and ensured their redemption
- Not all Christians believe that Jesus had to die for their sins
- Possible through God’s grace
Which Christian denominations have liturgical worship
- Anglicans
- Catholics
- Orthodox
Which Christian denominations have non-liturgical worship
- Quakers
- Methodists
- Pentecostals
Define sacraments
- A ceremony (usually carried out by a minister or priest) through which Christians believe they receive Gods grace
How many sacraments are there for Roman Catholics and Orthodox Churches
- Seven
How many sacraments are there for most Protestants
- 2, Baptism and the Eucharist
Why is baptism important
- Jesus was baptized
- After the resurrection, Jesus told his followers to baptize people
- Cleanses of original sin
Define sacraments
- An event through which God can communicate his grace directly
List the seven sacraments
- Baptism
- Confirmation
- Reconciliation
- Anointing the sick
- Matrimony
- Holy orders
- Eucharist
What is conformation
- In this ceremony, a Christian (often a teen) renew their vows made on their behalf at baptism
- Is believed to strengthen the ties of the confirmed with the church and God
What is reconciliation
- Involves confession of a sin and is how Catholics seek to obtain forgiveness for a sin
What is anointing the sick
- A priest or bishop anoints a sick person with the oil of the sick
- Catholics believe that, through this, the Holy Spirit renews the person’s faith and strength to cope with their illness and accept their suffering
What is matrimony
- The belief that God is present at marriages and the ceremonial promises are made before him
- It is a way that God blesses the couple
- It is a commitment for life
What are holy orders
- The process by which men are ordained as deacons, priests or bishops for life
What is the eucharist
- Receiving the body and blood of Christ (bread and wine) joins people together in their faith and gives them the strength
Define transubstantiation
- The bread and blood used at mass become the flesh and blood of Christ
Which denominations follow transubstantiation
- Roman Catholics
Define consubstantiation
- There is a real presence of Christ in the bread and wine but transubstantiation does not occur
Who believe in consubstantiation
- Lutherans
- Methodists
- Anglicans
What do Baptists believe about the eucharist
- The bread and wine are symbols, but god is present through the at of Christians coming together through communion
Define prayer
- When believers mentally or vocally communicate with God
Beliefs about pilgrimage in Christianity
- Not compulsory but are important
- To seek healing, forgiveness, to connect with God or to deepen their faith
- Provide a chance to escape from normal life and to concentrate more on religion.
List the Christian pilgrimage locations (5)
- Jerusalem
- Walsingham
- Lourdes
- Iona
- Taize
When does advent begin and end
- Advent begins four sundays before Christmas
- Advent ends on Christmas
What occurs during advent
- Prayer and reflection
- Advent candles are lit in homes and churches
- Children may use advent calendars to count the days up to christmas
How do Christians celebrate Christmas
- Advent to prepare for Christmas
- Midnight mass to welcome Christmas day
- Going to church Christmas morning to celebrate
Why are presents given on christmas
- To symbolise Jesus as God’s gift to the world and how the magi presented gifts to Jesus
Why is Easter the most important festival for christians
- It celebrate s Jesus’s victory over death, when God raised him back to life after crucifixion
- Reminds people that God loved man so much that he was willing to suffer death on the cross and gives them hope of eternal life
What are the parts of the Easter celebration
- Ash Wednesday
- Lent
- Palm Sunday
- Maundy Thursday
- Good Friday
- Easter Sunday
Significance of Ash Wednesday
- The first day of lent
- Ash is put on believer’s foreheads to show they are sorry for their sins
Significance of Lent
- The 40 day period before Easter
- Some believers do some sort of fasting during Lent to mark when Jesus fasted for 40 days in the desert
Significance of Palm Sunday
- The Sunday before Easter
- Marks the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem
Significance of Maundy Thursday
- The Thursday before Easter
- Commemorates the night of the Last Supper
Significance of Good Friday
- The Friday before Easter
- Marks the day of Jesus’ crucifixion
What celebrations occur on Easter Sunday
- Some churches hold services on Saturday night and most churches hold services on Sunday morning
- The Paschal candle is lit during services in Anglican and Catholic churches. Worshipers light their own candle from it’s flame show Jesus as the light of the world
- Some churches hold sunrise services to remember how Mary Magdalene discovered at daybreak that Jesus’ tomb was empty
- Easter eggs symbolise new life
How do churches play a role in caring for the local community
- Providing services and a place for quiet reflection
- Providing rites of passage
- Running youth groups
- Offering support and advice to people in need
- Working as street pastors
- Running foodbanks
- Raising money for charity
List Christian organisations that work towards reconciliation
- Corrymeela - Working in Northern Ireland to heal the country’s political religious divisions
- Pax Christi - Working internationally for human rights, disarmament and peace
How do Christians help persecuted Christians
- Providing Bibles so people can continue worshipping in secret
- Offering training to church members and support to people who have lost their homes
- Praying for the persecuted, sending money, petitioning governments for help
Define evangelism
- Spreading the Christian message with the aim of converting people
Christian beliefs about evangelism
- Can help people discover their real purpose in life and find salvation
- They feel excited to tell other people about Jesus’ love
- About telling people directly about God
Job of missionaries
- Demonstrate the message of Christianity through their actions
- Using their skills to help disadvantaged people
What does Christian Aid do
- Works globally to reduce poverty
- Set up projects drawing on the skills of local people and also aims to change government policy to reduce suffering
What does CAFOD do
- Works to fight poverty and injustice around the world
- Helping in emergencies and giving people the skills to help themselves
What does Tearfund do
- Helps communities with projects run through their churches
- Trying to end hunger, resolving tension in conflict zones and helping refugees
