(Done) Bonding structure and properties of matter (Paper 1)

Question 1

When are ions made

Answer 1

• When electrons are transferred

Question 2

What is the charge of metal ions

Answer 2

• They become positively charged as they lose electrons

Question 3

What is the charge of non-metal ions

Answer 3

• They become negatively charged as they gain electrons

Question 4

What groups are most likely to become ions

Answer 4

• Groups 1, 2, 6 and 7

Question 5

What is the atomic structure of ionic compounds

Answer 5

• An infinitely repeating giant ionic lattice structure

Question 6

Properties of a giant ionic lattice

Answer 6

• High melting and boiling points due to strong bonds between atoms
• Can carry charge as a solute or molten Ionic compound as the delocalized electrons are free to move

Question 7

What types of bonds make up simple molecular substances

Answer 7

• Covalent

Question 8

Properties of simple molecular structures

Answer 8

• weak bonds between molecules
• As the molecules get bigger, the strength of the intermolecular forces increases
• Don’t conduct electricity as there are no free electrons

Question 9

Define polymer

Answer 9

• When lots of small units are linked together to form a long molecule that has repeating sections

Question 10

Features of polymers

Answer 10

• Covalently bonded
• Larger intermolecular forces than simple covalent
• Bonds are weaker than ionic or giant molecular compounds

Question 11

Features of giant covalent structures

Answer 11

• Very high melting points
• Never conduct electricity except graphite
• infinitely repeating
• Very strong bonds

Question 12

Define an allotrope

Answer 12

• Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

Question 13

List the allotropes of Carbon

Answer 13

• Diamond
• Graphite
• Graphene
• Fullerenes

Question 14

Why can graphite conduct electricity

Answer 14

• There are no covalent bonds between the layers of graphite so there is one delocalized electron to carry charge

Question 15

Structure of metallic bonding

Answer 15

• Giant metallic structure

Question 16

What happens to the electrons in metallic bonding

Answer 16

• They are delocalized and are able to flow freely

Question 17

How do giant metallic structures maintain their regular arrangment

Answer 17

• The electrostatic forces between the positively charged metal ions and the negatively charged electrons holds them in place

Question 18

Properties of metallic bonding

Answer 18

• Very strong bonds
• Conduct electricity and heat well
• Most metals are malleable

Question 19

How are alloys stronger than pure metals

Answer 19

• Alloys are multiple elements with different sizes of atoms within
• These different sizes of atoms make it harder for the layers to slide over each other

Question 20

What factors affect the strength of the forces between particles in a material

Answer 20

• Material (Structure and type of bonds)
• Temperature
• Pressure

Question 21

Define aqueous

Answer 21

• Dissolved in water

Question 22

Range of diameter for coarse particles

Answer 22

• 10,000nm - 2,500nm

Question 23

Range of diameter for fine particles

Answer 23

• 2,500nm - 100nm

Question 24

Range of diameter for nanoparticles

Answer 24

• 100nm - 1nm

Question 25

Uses of nanoparticles

Answer 25

- Nanomedicine - Electrical circuits - Antibacterial medical items - Cosmetics