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Injury Exam > DOne > Flashcards

DOne Flashcards

Psychology, Rehab, protective equiptment and FMS

1
Q

When do the most stressful life events occur?

A

25 yo

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2
Q

How can life stress be measured?

A

Social and athletic re-adjustment scale

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3
Q

What is the relationship between life stress and injury risk?

A

Factors that induce life stress increase individuals risk of injury

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4
Q

What are the 2 catagories of stress?

A

Eustress and distress

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5
Q

What is the effect of major life stress on individuals?

A

Individuals with low support network and poor support skills can be detrimental

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6
Q

Why does increased life stress increase injury risk?

A

Increase physical strain on the body, concentration impacted and risk of illness increased

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7
Q

Whats the connection between personality and stress?

A

Perceptual state and so patterns of stress can be identified by personality types

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8
Q

What personality type is most at risk?

A

Type A

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9
Q

What is the stress response?

A

How an individual responds to a stressful situation

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10
Q

Why is stress subjective?

A

It is the thoughts and bodies way of dealing with different thoughts

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11
Q

What psych factors increase likelihood of injury?

A

History of stress, personality, coping resources, psychological interventions, treatment, recovery process and return to competition

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12
Q

What are the 5 stages of the emotional response to injury?

A

Denial, anger/frustration, depression, acknowledgement/acceptance and reintegration

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13
Q

How do individuals move through the stages of emotional response?

A

Progression is not linear, regression can occur

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14
Q

What other areas of recovery does reintegration include?

A

Developing strength, flexibility, technique and psychological skills (imagery)

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15
Q

What are the negative consequences of injury?

A

Emotional upheaval, self-pity, difficulty coping and questioning

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16
Q

What are the benefits of injury?

A

Personal growth, psychological performance enhancement, physical/technical improvements

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17
Q

How is rate of recovery affected by resilience?

A

Individuals with greater resilience have greater ability to cope with setbacks and change their rate of recovery

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18
Q

How does stress response aid recovery?

A

Better stress responses allow for individuals to recover in a shorter amount of time

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19
Q

What are the actions of fast healers to promote recovery?

A

Goal-setting, healing imagery, positive self-talk, intrinsically motivated

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20
Q

What are the actions of slow healers in response to injury?

A

Low compliance to rehabilitation, non-acceptance, lack of personal responsability, lack of belief, not proactive

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21
Q

What are practical sugesstions to improve psych post injury?

A

Set daily goals, develop physio plan, mentally preparem healing imagery, postive thoughts, prepare for setbacks, educate about the process

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22
Q

How can team mates provide social support to an injured player?

A

Show compassion, help take them take responsibility, maintain contact, reintegrate where possible, listen and show care, share emotion/physical/information to show positive attitude

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23
Q

What steps can be taken towards injury prevention?

A

Avoid over training, promote recovery, good nutrition, stress management techniques, physiological and psychological education

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24
Q

What is the benefit of flexible muscles?

A

Absorb and dissipate force so less energy return, impact spread through the muscle belly

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25
Q

Why is it important to stretch through the range of movement, not just at ROM?

A

Enhances muscle length and increases flexibility

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26
Q

What is the effect on regular stretching on neural pathways?

A

Interrupts the pathways that force co-contractions and prevent stretch going further, switching them off increases the depth of the strength

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27
Q

How can tendons be affected by strength and flexibility training?

A

Reduces strain injuries by strengthening a non-contractile tissue, higher strength and endurance

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28
Q

When does the hamstring quadriceps ratio begin to cause injury?

A

Hamstring below 60% of quad strength

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29
Q

What is a isokinetic training system?

A

Controls angels and speed, isolating the muscle groups to target rehab, concentric to concentric contraction

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30
Q

Why is early mobilization important?

A

Rescues degree of postinjury disability to reduce scar tissue build up

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31
Q

Why does exposure to tensile forces improve strength of tissues?

A

Improves quality and strength of the connective tissues at the site of injury and the organisation of regenerating muscle fibers - only occurs with no pain

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32
Q

Why are isometric contractions good for rehab?

A

There is reduced pain as there is no movement prevents atrophy of muscles, same progression to build back the strength of the muscle

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32
Q

What is the progression of contractions?

A

Isometric - isotonic (concentric) - concentric-eccentric coupled activities - sport specific - replication of force in game

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33
Q

What does rehab allow?

A

Increased contractile strength, increased tensile strength, increased neuromuscular control, decreased scar tissue build up

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34
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the hamstring group?

A

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus and bicep femoris

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35
Q

What is the hamstring required for?

A

Explosive and repetitive movements

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36
Q

How is hamstring injury tested for?

A

Single leg raise

37
Q

Whats the rehab for hamstring strain?

A

Passive stretching, SLR (anterior pelvic tilt efficacy improved), PNF, weight bearing avoided

38
Q

What does PNF stand for?

A

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

39
Q

What is reciprocol inhibition?

A

Neurological co-activation of contractions at a joint

40
Q

What causes an ankle sprain limp?

A

Lack of dorsi flexion, peroneal prevents inversion

41
Q

How can dorsiflexion be regained in ankle sprain?

A

Periods of weight bearing, passive mobalisation and RICE

42
Q

Whats the benefit of peroneal strengthening?

A

Improves the strength and control of the muscles, eccentric with proprioception

43
Q

Why is biomechanics used in protective equipment development?

A

Combines engineering and anthropometrics to specifically design equipment for an individual athlete

44
Q

Why is compliance with standards important
(boxing) ?

A

Makes sure that the individual is actually protected and fits the size and weight parameters of the sport

45
Q

What is the British standard?

A

British kite mark (BS)

46
Q
A
47
Q

What are some well know standard agencies?

A

ANSI, ASTM and DIN (American national standards institution, American society for testing and materials, Germany

48
Q

What are some areas of interest with protective equipment?

A

Helmets, shin guards, eye guards, boxes, abdominal guards/protectors and chest guards

49
Q

What are the 3 main causes of injury?

A

Training, anatomical alignment and equiptment

50
Q

What is the cause of injury dependent on?

A

Magnitude, rate of application and frequency

51
Q

How does biological loading affect injury risk?

A

Over/under loading can cause varus or valgus guiding forces incorrectly through the joint increasing injury risk

52
Q

Whats the role of cushioning in shoes?

A

Shock absorption, slower rate of application, reduces the effect of the force

53
Q

How does cushioning vary in shoes?

A

The level of cushioning can vary as well as the positioning - heel, sole, medial or arch support

54
Q

How can shoe performance be impacted?

A

Wet shoes force absorption decreases, after 400km loss of 30-50% of support

55
Q

What are some features shoe manufactures use as cushioning?

A

EVA, patented options (air bubbles), rear foot control, sole density and orthotics

56
Q

How does midsole absorption affect force outcome?

A

quicker rate of ankle pronation, bigger leaver, measured in durometers

57
Q

How is peak impact force affected by the 3 foot strikes?

A

Isn’t affected, acceleration is

58
Q

What are the 3 types of footstrike?

A

Forefoot, rearfoot and midfoot

59
Q

When did wearing shinpads in football become compulsory?

A

1990

60
Q

What percentage of players wear shinpads in training?

A

30%

61
Q

What percentage of football injuries occur because of inferior footwear?

A

13.5%

62
Q

What equation links acceleration and mass?

A

F=ma

63
Q

Whats the replationship between accelration and mass in the neck?

A

Proportional when lax, when tensed larger mass has a larger force

64
Q

What is the brain surrounded by?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

65
Q

Whats the role of CSF in collisions?

A

To distribute the force

66
Q

How does rotation effect impact?

A

CSF is uneven and the brain delayed, creates a shearing force that causes damage

67
Q

Whats a soft shell helmet?

A

Breaks up, deforms easily, no sharp blow, 0.2-0.3kg

68
Q

Whats a hard shell helmet?

A

Fibreglass, ABS, spreads the load, EPS crushed, 0.5kg

69
Q

What torque does concussion occur at?

A

7500 rad/s^2

70
Q

What is torque of the head?

A

Head bends and rotates forwards

71
Q

Whats the acceleration in a hard/soft shell?

A

200ms in soft and 36ms in hard

72
Q

What ANSI criteria do helments have to meet?

A

Acceleration below 300g

73
Q

Waht mass does acceleration cause brain damage?

A

400g

74
Q

Whats the force through the neck in hybrid compression tests?

A

5500N

75
Q

What is the function of body armour?

A

Protect major body organs

76
Q

What is inner core comprised of?

A

Internal obliques, transverse abdominus, pelvic floor, multifidus and diaphragm

77
Q

What is the outer core comprised of?

A

External obliques, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, gluteal, adductors, hamstings

78
Q

What is the importance of the core in movement?

A

Transfers force from lower to upper, providing stability of the 2 extremities

79
Q

What movement does the external obliques cause?

A

With flexion of spinal column allows for individual twisting

80
Q

What movement does the erector spinae cause?

A

Alllows for difference in lumbar and thoracic movement

81
Q

What movement does the latissimus dorsi cause?

A

Rotatory movement of spine when arms are fixed

82
Q

What movement does the gluteals cause?

A

When feet touch the floor, pelvis moves forward

83
Q

What movement does the adductors cause?

A

When feet are touch ground pelvis drops

84
Q

What movement does the hamstrings cause?

A

Extension of pelvic girdle when legs touching the ground

85
Q

Whats the effect of pelvic movement on energy efficiency?

A

Pelvis rotation changes the center of mass and energy is required to stabilize

86
Q

What is the effect of a weak lordosis?

A

Excessive arching of the lower back causing pain, uneven load on spine and excess pressure on nerve

87
Q

What exercise can be completed to train the transverse abdominas?

A

Pulling bellybutton towards the spinal column, controlling diaphragm strengthens TVA, on all 4s 10 sets of 10 seconds

88
Q

What are some of the effects of core weakness?

A

Aligment changes and therefore loading on knees, back problems from pelvic tilt, lost energy, lower center of gravity, hip angel changes

89
Q

How can change in centre of gravity effect stride length?

A

Shorter and less efficient, reducing performance outcomes

90
Q

What exercises can be used to strengthen core?

A

Waiters bow (20 degree hips), lunge lumbar spine in neutral and hips level, press up, supermans and core stability slide

Injury Exam (4 decks)

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