DOMS

Question 1

What is DOMS?

Answer 1

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

the subjective sensation of muscular soreness post-exercise

Question 2

How may you assess DOMS?

Answer 2

Location

Intensity

Question 3

What are three proposed causes of DOMS are their likelihood?

Answer 3

> lactate accumulation (nah)
muscle spasm (nah)
muscle damage (yaaaaaaaas)

Question 4

What are two methods of assessing muscle damage?

Answer 4

> muscle biopsies

> circulating muscle proteins

Question 5

What evidence is there from muscle biopsies for muscle damage from exercise?

Answer 5

larger interstitial space (swelling)
z line streaming
protein reduction in muscle cells

Question 6

What evidence is there from circulating muscle proteins for muscle damage post-exercise?
give a reference

Answer 6

Thompson et al (1999)
had subjects perform 90 minutes of shuttle running to simulate a football game.
myoglobin levels were high after exercise (1-2 hours) and then reduced to normal after 24-72 hours.
creatine kinase peaked at 24 hours and stayed high for ~72 hours post-exercise

Question 7

What are the reasons for the patterns presented by myoglobin and creatine kinase in circulation post-exercise?

Answer 7

Myoglobin = small and half-life in minutes, therefore, fast release and removal
creatine kinase = large and half-life in hours, therefore, slow release and removal

Question 8

What are the three broad areas that DOMS has consequences on?

Answer 8

> muscle function
skill
energy substrates

Question 9

How does DOMS affect muscle function?

give a reference

Answer 9

Isometric muscle force is impaired (~50% 1-2 days post) for up to 7-10 days post-exercise.
Both for eccentric (Clarkson et al, 1992) and shuttle running (Betts et al, 2009) exercise
Muscle impairment lasts longer than associated soreness

Question 10

How does DOMS affect skill function?

give a reference

Answer 10

exercise resulted in an increased tracking error during a cursor tracking task - (Pearce et al, 1998)

Question 11

How does DOMS affect energy substrates?

give a reference

Answer 11

muscle damage reduces muscle glycogen recovery post-endurance exercise for up to 24-72 hours.
(Costill et al, 1990)

Question 12

What are some consequences of muscle damage?

Answer 12

soreness
decreased force/strength
decreased skill
decreased glycogen stores

Question 13

What is an extreme consequence of major muscle damage?

Answer 13

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
symptoms include…
abdominal swelling around the kidneys
darkened urine colour

Question 14

What is the commonly accepted cause of muscle damage from exercise?

Answer 14

eccentric muscle actions

Question 15

Why do eccentric muscle actions cause muscle damage?

Answer 15

there is an increased load per fibre due to…

• high forces
• lower fibre recruitement

Question 16

What are some alternative explanations for the cause of muscle damage?

Answer 16

• calcium activated proteases
• skeletal muscle hyperthermia causing protein degeneration
• free radical build up
• lack of ATP, meaning muscles can’t regulate toxic function

Question 17

What is the repeated bout effect?

Answer 17

repeating an exercise bout frequently reduces the associated soreness experienced

Question 18

How long does the repeated bout effect last before soreness levels return to normal after training gap?
give a reference fucker

Answer 18

6-9 weeks

- (Byrnes et al, 1985)

Question 19

What is the cause of pain associated with muscle soreness?

Answer 19

inflammation.
acts as a protection mechanism for the body, informing you to not excessively use that muscle as it is damaged and requires time to regenerate

Question 20

What process does the repeated bout effect reflect?

Answer 20

ADAPTATION to exercise-induced muscle damage