Dominance Model- Fishman Flashcards
what is the main argument of this model ?
men are dominant in speech e.g speaking more, intimidation
What did Fishman argue about tag questions and what did she argue they were used for ?
She argued they were used to start conversations with males and continue dialogue
What is conversational shitwork and how does it link with tag questions ?
the idea that females use tag questions to gain conversational power calling this conversational shitwork- initiating conversation and keeping it going.
When did zimmerman and west conduct their study ?
1970
What was zimmermen and wests main arguement ?
men are controlling and dominant in mixed conversations- they interrupt more and like to be in charge whereas women like to be submissive
What is a negative of zimmerman and wests study?
small data set
what are the two statistics from zimmerman and wests study ?
96% of interruptions were made by men
Men interrupted 46 times and women interrupted twice
What were 3 general observations from Zimmerman and wests study ?
women have little linguistic freedom
men impose dominant status through constraints on conversations
women do not hold equal conversation rights
When did Beattie discover her study ?
1982
What did Beattie claim to have recorded ?
10 hours of discussion and 557 interruptions
What statistic did Beattie discover an is it significant ?
men interrupted 34.1 and women 33.8 which is more or less equal and its is so small its not even statistically significant
what did the study of supreme court in 2017 looking at transcripts from 1992,2007 and 2015 determine ?
determined that as more female justices are added to the bench interruptions of women did not improve but escalated
when did coates conduct her study?
1989
what did coates argue ?
women would use epistemic modality to avoid face threatening act talking to other females- seen as female cooperation and support
what are examples of epistemic modality ?
perhaps
sort of
probably
when did holmes conduct her study ?
1992
what did holmes argue about tag questions ?
they may also function as a device to help maintain discussion or be polite rather than being signs of weakness they are multi functional
what does holmes suggest about hedges and fillers ?
they are used for a variety of functions and to suggest they are markers of indecision is misleading
what does holmes also state ?
women in all female groups use compliments as acts of politeness and solidarity to men
